THE WORK, WEALTH AND HAPPINESS OF MANKIND
by
H. G. WELLS
First published by William Heinemann Ltd, London. 1932
• Jan 1998 notes; to the first edition; 2007 - many notes added later, hoping they may prove instructive.
I found this book puzzlingly incomplete but interesting, a good example of the way a good writer can sum up things, in this case changes in his own lifetime. And also summings-up of the past, and the future—his chapter on education spans the past and the future with many generalistions. It was written about 70 years before the start of the 21st century, and so is itself a marker of multiple changes. The index is included here since computer searches may give information on then-current names or places or ideas: Kalergi (referred to as Kalergis), Hatry, Mussolini, Zaharoff, League of Nations. Bear in mind that Wells appears to have been Jew-unaware; though possibly his publishers may have influenced him - Rae West 11 Oct 2022
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• This precedes Keynes' 'General Theory..' by about four years (though Keynes's Treatise on Money is referred to) and Russell's Power by about eight years; also precedes Hitler's early victories.
• FULL INDEX
• 32 or so black and white 'plates' listed as 'ILLUSTRATIONS'
• Pages 56-7 of 'Homo sapiens..' say it might have been called 'An Outline of Social and Economic Knowledge'. He talks about his unsuitable collaborators [this also in his autobiography]; says 'in the end I managed to get every section of it "vetted" by authorities of the first rank. It is sound and tested matter.'
• Autobiography 226 says: '.. twenty pages (Chapter II, sections 1-4) .. summarize all that I know about the relations of the human mind to physical reality. Those pages I wrote and rewrote with special care, I got friends to scrutinize them..'
• His 'Open Conspiracy' gets a mention near the end; and the whole book refers to an imaginary Encyclopaedia, exactly (I presume) along the lines of 'World Brain', which doesn't exist but he consider should, a scaled-up-to-modern-size Encyclopedie, a collaborative effort which he sketches out and estimates the cost of keeping updated, presumably emboldened by the success of his 'Outline of History'. This mythical encyclopedia enables him to allow the reader the mental experiment of turning to it to read up detail on e.g. legal systems, or constitutions, or aspects of fashion or sport or industry, etc etc. [2007: Wikipedia perhaps approximates to this...]
• 'The world of economists and so forth ignored it completely - but then it is their practice also to ignore one another completely, to ignore almost everything completely.'
• Wells is good on surprising contrasts caused by progress, at least when they're in his own experience; the existence of power stations and electric power lines, for example, is made to seem appropriately astonishing.
• Wells is good on detail, and skating over it - for example, on numismatics, and roomfuls of coins, and people who like him decide to not carefully look at the serried ranks of heads (my phrase); similarly, detail of some processes - we assume it, and pass on.
• Also good descriptions of some processes; e.g. extension of electricity, steam transport, steel, and a few other industries, presumably where collaborators or encyclopedias had managed to get some sort of overview together.
• Interesting and abundant material on 'personas', a term he says he takes from Jung; he describes the 'peasant' type, the 'nomadic' type, and the clerical or official type, characterised by (something like) toil and acquisition of land, swaggering greed and contempt for work, and subordination to general good. Well-written long descriptions. Other and later 'personas' include that of the entertainer [hungry for praise] and the Clever Alec (not Smart Alec, I think - though there is Smart, Alec in the index!) [selfish, careless of the general good, disruptive and dangerous].
• Interesting chapter on money and finance, including a discussion on gold & 19th/20th C discoveries of huge deposits; and bimetallism, where e.g. gold and silver circulate together; and which goes some way to predicting things like e.g. credit cards and decline of gold standard, but doesn't successfully establish the ultimate links between paper money and property titles and the need for legal enforcement, either by states or by international (or other) authorities. Similarly, tends to assume tariffs are a bad thing and free trade good, without ultimate examination of these things.
• Good section on Parliaments, with amusing description of obsoleteness of Westminster procedures, and including interesting points on the development of the idea of representative government, e.g. [I think] Mill's original proposal of one country as a huge constituency, and that insistence on candidates having to belong to parties inevitably leads to slowness in action, as no doubt it's intended to; and it may cause relapse into dictatorship as a relief.
• Continual anti-monarchical material, making fun of all monarchs over the last 'two hundred years'; but somewhat pro-aristocrat and pro-religion, where they fit in with his idea of adding to knowledge and ideas.
• Good summary biographies of sample people famed for their wealth: Hetty Green, the Landgrave of Hesse-Cassel, Rothschilds, Vanderbilt & Gould, J D Rockefeller, Edison, Ford, Loewenstein. [And Zaharoff, elsewhere; and J P Morgan in an appendix].
• Good description of universities, first as purveyors of supposedly finished knowledge, then their decline and adoption of things like sports, then revival just in time to dominate mass education, and other inevitable tendency to follow, and never to lead.
• Wells states as a fact that horse races were held at stonehenge.
• Malinowski as rather naive Polish nationalist [cp Russell on Malinowski].
• Food adulteration of citric acid by another acid, and that in turn by phosphoric acid (with picture of lemon on bottle). Made from bones. Is this anti-coca cola agitation?
• [Note: women:] At some point he expresses sorrow at women's attitude to education; he says they tend to look for manners and appearance, but ignore actual content. (He doesn't explain why this isn't surprising).
• Note: who are the most unhappy people in the world? Question answered by Wells with some types of unfortunate women.
• Canada [and Australia, South Africa] and racial exclusion laws.
• Sing Sing is in the index.
- CONTENTS:
(NB section titles in square brackets are somewhat abbreviated)
INTRODUCTION: THE OBJECT OF THIS WORK AND THE WAY IN WHICH IT HAS BEEN WRITTEN
[1 An Account of Human Activities Throughout the World/ 2 The New Education/ 3 Apropos of Roger Bacon/ The Outline of History and the Science of Life/ The Urgent Need for Sound Common Ideas about Work and Wealth]
1: HOW MAN BECAME AN ECONOMIC ANIMAL
[1 Economics a branch of biology/ 2 Primitive Man Haphazard / 3 Dawn of Social and Economic Life/ 4 Domestication of Animals/ 5 Beginnings of Settlement and Sustained Work/ 6 Historical Overture]
2: HOW MAN HAS LEARNT TO THINK AND GAIN A MASTERY OVER FORCE AND MATTER
[1 Directed Thinking/ 2 Criticism of Thought/ 3 Practical Nature of Renascent Science/ 4 Ultimate Truths/ 5 Organization of Research/ 6 Conquests of Substances/ 7 Typical Modern Materials/ Iron and Steel/ Power/ Transmission/ Points of Application]
3: THE CONQUEST OF DISTANCE
[Increasing Range/ Railway, Steamship/ New Road and Airway/ Transmission of Fact World wide/ Print and film]
4: THE CONQUEST OF HUNGER: HOW MANKIND IS FED
[1 The World Eats/ 2 Fertilizers/ 3 Electrified Farms/ 4 Vineyard, Bee keeper (and other things hinted at - Wells uses an imagined museum and 'takes it as read')/ 5 Substitutes, adulteration/ 6 Dining and Drugging/ 7 Peasant - basis of the old order/ 8 Passing of the Peasant/ 9 World's Catering Unorganized/ Limits of Plenty]
5: THE CONQUEST OF CLIMATE: HOW MANKIND IS CLOTHED AND HOUSED
[1 Wardrobes of Mankind/ 2 Cosmetics/ 3 Dissolution of the Home/ 4 Landscape of Homes/ 5 Modern Architecture and Possible Rebuilding/ 6 Lighting/ 7 Protective and Regulative Services]
6: HOW GOODS ARE BOUGHT AND SOLD
[1 Old and New Shopping/2 Teaching People to Want/ 3 Fluctuations and Vagueness/ 4 Co-operative Retailing]
7: HOW WORK IS ORGANIZED
[1 Personnel/ 2 Guild and Trade Union/ 3 Industrial Democracy: Workers' Control/ 4 Profit sharing/ 5 Lifetime employment/ 6 Amelioration of the Factory/ 7 Slavery and Forced Labour/ 8 Rationalization/ 9 Co-operative movement/ 10 Public or Private Direction of Industries and Services/ 11 Grades of Social Organization]
8: WHY PEOPLE WORK
[1 The Persona and Conduct/ 2 The First Class of Persona: The Peasant Persona and Types Mainly Derived from It/ .. The FISHERMAN/ 3 The Second Type.. The Typical Nomad's Persona../ 4 The Third Class.. The Educated Persona and Its Derivatives/ 5 The Civilization of the Entrepreneur/ 6 The Idea of Property/ 7 The Education of the Lawyer/ 8 "Scientific" Property/ 9 The Complexities and Mutations of the Money Idea/ 10 A Resume of the Co-ordinating Motives.. PERSONAL SERVICE]
9: HOW WORK IS PAID FOR AND WEALTH ACCUMULATED
[1 Counting House/ 2 Currency/ 3 Inflation, Deflation, Devalorization/ 4 Gold Standard/ 5 Currency Schemes/ 6 The Bank/ 7 Evolution of Banking/ 8 Fragmentation of Ownership/ 9 Investment Practice/ 10 Investing Public - Transitory?/ 11 World Depression 1929-1931/ Suspension of Gold standard in 1931]
10: THE RICH, THE POOR, AND THEIR TRADITIONAL ANTAGONISM
[1 Acquisition - Hetty Green/ Landgrave of Hesse-Cassel/ Rothschilds/ Vanderbilts etc/ Rockefeller/ Edison/ Henry Ford/ Alfred Loewenstein and omitted part, appendix/ 2 Contemporary Rich/ 3 Alleged advantages of a rich class/ 4 Ideal of equal pay/ 5 Do the rich want the poor kept poor?/ 6 The Poor/ 7 Paradox of Over-Production/ Attempt of Soviet Russia / 9 Race between Readjustment, Disorder and Social Revolution]
11: THE ROLE OF WOMEN IN THE WORLD'S WORK
[1 How far need sex be considered/ 2 Women as workers, competitors; wives, families. Neuters/ 3 Differences between men and women/ 4 Motherhood/ 5 Moral consequences of Inferiority and Disadvantages. Disingenuousness; prostitution; white slavery; gigolo/ 6 Power of women, expenditure/ 7 is adult education for women needed?/ 8 Possibilities]
12: THE GOVERNMENTS OF MANKIND AND THEIR ECONOMIC AND MILITARY WARFARE
[1 Political organizations/ 2 British Government at work/ 3 Permanent Official/ 4 A Collection of Governments/ 5 Assent/ 6 Frontiers/ 7 Custom House/ 8 War Preparation as an Industry/ 9 Armaments industry. Zaharoff. Krupp/ 10 Spying/ 11 Service mentality. Police/ 12 Passive Pacifism/ 13 League of Nations and other Experiments/ 14 Necessity of World Controls]
13: THE NUMBERS AND QUALITIES OF MANKIND
[1 Population Increase/ 2 Impact of Races and Cultures/ Eugenics]
14: THE OVERFLOWING ENERGY OF MANKIND
[1 History of Leisure/ 2 Travel Bureau/ 3 The world of sport - in war, insurrection, murders. Gambling/ 4 Entertainment/ 5 Art as Overflowing Energy]
15: HOW MANKIND IS TAUGHT AND DISCIPLINED
[1 What is Education?/ 2 Primitive Education/ 3 Religions/ 4 Universities/ 5 Education outside the Classroom/ 6 Mental Training/ 7 Education Needed for a Modern Progressive Community/ 8 Role of an Encyclopedia/ 9 Open Conspiracy/ 10 The Recalcitrant]
16: THE OUTLOOK OF MANKIND
[1 The Next Phase/ 2 Uncertainties/ 3 Hope and Courage are Inevitable]
[APPENDIX: J PIERPONT MORGAN AND THE OLIGARCHY OF CREDIT - CHAP x SECTION i BUT LATE FOR THE PRESS IN FIRST EDITION]
INDEX
• 64 ff: Nominalism and realism [again!]
• 88ff: Typical modern materials - Pastes, Enamels, Cements, Cellulose, Milk products, Resins, Animal and Vegetable Oils. Dyes. Rubber. Petroleum. [Plastic or anything beginning poly- is not in index, though bakelite is]
• 110: hydro electric power - the 'revival of water power is extraordinarily recent' (also commercial electrolysis)
• 112: power transmission
• 152: Television not yet possible - Wells describes it as it then was; correctly says the 'whole world will be a meeting place.'
• 154: photo of huge mound of treetrunks for the press - 'ruthless destruction of forests'. Northcliffe said wood pulp is at the roots of the expansion of the modern newspaper. [Hm - what about hemp?]
• 156: '.. nagging attacks on public services... every newspaper has an interest in a shabbily conducted, privately owned transport system which is advertising... quack medicines.. trashy foodstuffs.. no organic links with political issues. ..'
• 157: [sound films then new]
• 158: Postal Union
• 161ff: Fertilizers, inc bones and superphosphate and esp. history of nitrogen fixation, including Crookes on the need for it; followed by nitrogen fixing bacteria. Potassium - Stassfurt discoveries mid-19th century. Wells lists lime as essential. (Phosphorus shortage? Wells quotes Prof Armstrong]
• 166: tractors; the 'oil engine' as opposed to steam.
• 167: eggs year round with electricity
• 172: British Jam and an account of 'substitutions'
• 173: Federal Food and Drugs Act (1906) praised by Wells
• 175: Move to restaurant-style eating - Wells says eating used to be more secretive
• 177: Wells dislikes peasants - tiny parcels of land, primitive methods - obdurate obstacle. An 18th C. Massachusetts very independent farmer's life described from evidence which has survived - most things grown himself.
• 180: Wells spoke with Lenin about peasants in 1920. 1928 Stalin suddenly decided on Five year Plan... 182: Turk-Sib railway 'will be ready in 1930' NB the peasants killing sheep and cattle - p 183 'slaughtered stock rather than surrender it'
Kolkhoz and Sovkhoz - two types of farm. Caucasus supposed to have 40 by 50 mile modern wheat growing area.
185 change in landscape by Joan Beauchamp - BUT net effect isn't worked out
• 199: Wells' account of women and makeup and massage and removal of blemishes...
• 201: Account of housing - slow introduction of electricity, water, sewerage, lighting, bathrooms, gas, laundries erasing 1860s washing day - I think washing machines for clothes were rare at this time.
202 Hotels and inns - '"hotel" was the name of a great private town house'.
203 Town-planning: cities of old civilizations were planned, as often as not, says Wells. Karlsruhe 18th century planned. Christopher Wren tried. Welwyn Garden City, Burnley mill workers cottages '..convenience rather than attractiveness'. Rossington, Yorkshire, 'a modern industrial district'.
207 Steel-frame buildings
opposite 208 photo of steel frame buildings - 'warehouses and shops' - In Oxford Street; other side is modern housing, Frankfort
208 'the economic life of a New York skyscraper is estimated at thirty years'.
• 209: lighting from about 1800 211 gas mantles: surely thorium was risky?
• 215 fires: destroyed Gilbert's apparatus; Volta's at Como; Dantzig, Copenhagen, Petersburg 'did much to diminish the tale of early telescopes'.
• 215: 'I am told by a competent advisor that the Waste Trade, considered altogether, is the fifth greatest industry in England. .. old iron, rusted girders, scrapped machinery and brick rubble, to bottles, bones, rags, worn-out tyres. ..'
• 221 photo showing women at typewriters; must have seemed as advanced as with computers now. Caption: 'It has been found that each installation can cope with the work which previously required five clerks.' [writing by hand?]
• 221-2: 'The Instalment System'
• 227: 'E A Filene tells us that "the average article sold by department or other retail stores to-day costs the consumer two, three, four, often six or eight times its production cost." .. high cost.. is due to waste. .. C N Schmalz (Harvard Bureau of Business Research) [shows] .. that the net earnings of department stores.. varied between 1.1 per cent loss and 1.6 per cent gain. ..' There's a note on credit unions, and secondary middlemen, credit retailers loan-mongers 'and the like parasites.'
• 228: 1,364 co-operative societies in Britain.
• 237: Freemasons, Wells assuming they built medieval cathedrals (over time). Speculates about their secrets.
• 238: 'It was only in the fourteenth century.. that the increasing size of the unit of production released the possibility of antagonism between employee and worker. .. The fifteenth century saw a considerable amount of trouble upon these issues. ..' [Agriculture must have been different]
• 240: Strikes exaggerated! Carr-Saunders estimated the equivalent of one day's holiday per year
• 241: Wells dislikes secretaries of societies - 'can bully and dominate.. close and continuous knowledge .. difficulty of tracing his acts..'
• 242: Employee rights - German attempt to remedy this with statutory works councils.
• 244: profit sharing - Wells not keen
• 244: plate showing Boots Pure Drug Co lab in Nottingham
• 245: Description of waiting around for work and evolution with labour class always in excess. One year contracts problematical as eg in annual fairs.
• 246 Cost of producing a boy for the labour market in Britain (1930) is well over £350. - £100 education, £200 food and clothing, rent and social service certainly £50
• 248 F W Taylor (Frederick Winslow); favourable account by Wells - he examined tools, postures, planning of work spaces, vacant machinery, and so on, and 'seems always to have insisted that the workers concerned should have a substantial share...'. National Institute of Industrial Psychology in London. [NB occurs to me it's a mistake to call it 'psychology' as it deals largely in straightforward physics/ engineering and physiology]
• 252 Lancashire and early evils - 1816 & 1830 & 1840 dates quoted; Acts passed in 1847 and 1850.
254 '.. Every trade seems to have produced its own scourge. [Flax, steel dust, sparks.. p 258 refers to Home Office Industrial Museum in London with displays on deadly objects and wax models of victims and preventive measures] ... potential Jacobin.. very diseases and deformities set the industrial classes apart.. The only possible method of dealing with them seemed to be violence.. evictions, transportation, whippings, treadmills and pillories; capital punishment was inflicted for any felony. To go out on strike was commonly treated as an offence.'
China and Egypt and Bombay then (1930ish) similar
• 260 Slavery as 'owned persons' - unclear whether these are domestic servant types or prostitutes. 'Slave labour is extremely inefficient'. HOWEVER 'peonage or forced labour is in effect the economic consumption of backward and ill-organised races.' and is far more profitable than slavery.
• 261 Putumayo in Peru 1905 to 1912 seem main reports. Including Casement. (670) About six pages. Then the first world war.
• 267-279 Congo rubber; mostly from Morel. Includes population estimates. Includes French exploitation. Wells dislikes Leopold who however kept this up for twenty years.
[NB 1934 was Russell's Freedom and Organisation which has quite a bit on Morel, Rockefeller, Vanderbilt et al, too]
• 282 Wells on the personal touch in shops; paintings, cakes, cigarettes, tailoring, furniture, women's clothes, and book-selling are his choices - perhaps only linked by "golden link", a 'parallel to the function of the imperial crown.'
• 283-288 the co-operative movement - Wells is a southerner; he's told the north feels differently. I had no idea it was such a large movement, incidentally. Perhaps like life insurance companies it's not talked about.
• 288-292 public or private direction of big services - interesting on some big businesses becoming quasi-states; and publicly owned utilities being not subject to forced or panic sales. He quotes the same-sort-of-people-in-each-case idea. Also the argument that large scale concerns inevitably become impersonal.
• 297-339 WHY PEOPLE WORK - fascinating chapter on different types (though the evidence is a bit slender I think). 298 Jung's use of the word 'persona'
PEASANT AND DERIVATIVES.. toil is virtue.. acquisition of property.. continually peasants murder for property. .. The peasant lusts and breeds.. His suppressions make him prone to envy. .. His hostility to exceptional display imposes a standard costume and decorum.. Housing and furniture are standardized.. the costumes and art are practically the same.. industriously made lace, bright buttons, white linen, .. red and black.. tedious repetitive carving.. staid dancing.. plaintive and tragic song.. visibly the same from Biscay and Brittany to China. .. hard monotonies.. subdued pleasures.. he exists because of his good reputation.. good thatching or skilful pruning of the vines.. afraid of his lord, afraid of opinions.. afraid of lawyers. and priests.. Drink releases a fund of suppressed brutality and self-assertion.. never very remote from ancient blood sacrifice. .. the realities must .. appear in the peasant's consciousness of himself in the most pleasing light.. his work and property.. What else could you have? .. sees himself as a good honest fellow, the friend of that friend.. free from affectations and fal-lals, and none can better him at a bargain. .. far too wise to make enemies of the rich and great. A certain humour enables him to swallow and ignore any humiliation.. Derived is the mediocre town-dweller.. transplanted peasant... under the same necessity to reconcile his egoism to a laborious and inferior role. ..
.. the affections and relationships of family ,life have afforded the peasant type .. authority and self-esteem.. master in his own hovel.. feel to beat and compel..
.. The acquisitive and possessive sides of peasant mentality.. The rich townsman, the money-lender and the middleman, the big peasant and farmer of mediaevalism... Nearly all the pioneers of the modern large-scale industries arose in this way... What the Communists call the "petty" and "big" bourgeoisie are in reality only the primordial peasant writ urban or writ large...
.. on its lower face the typical modern proletarian is generally without children.. without "proles"; .. he is unable to sustain and control a family. .. great numbers will be forced down.. in sheer defence of their self-esteem.. deprecate family and property. An element of adventure, defiance and sentimental brotherhood.. All are .. intermittently unemployed and that. gives a chronic uneasiness. .. The Communist.. error seems to me to his exaggeration of the power and sincerity of the proletarian sentiment of brotherhood. .. also he mistakes a craving for change due to uneasiness.. for a creative desire. .. organized labour .. a large part is not and never has been truly propertyless.. A much more fundamental error [of] .. the Communist is his assumption that the types thus far.. acquisitive growing rich and working people growing poor constitute the greater mass.. but they are no more the whole that flesh and blood.. are the whole.. body. .. nerves and brain and endocrinal glands may seem out of proportion less..
TYPICAL NOMAD'S PERSONA .. followed.. schism between Cain and Abel, the cultivator and the herdsman. [I think this is right - surely there must be more mentalities than these two?] .. regional climatic difference between arable and periodic pasture lands. .. his mobility made him more easily as thief,.. a raider// merchant, and at times a cultivator. Cattle was naturally his money of account. .. outside "the great alluvial valleys".. he wandered into ore-bearing districts and became the first metallurgist. The gipsy tinker.. is the last decaying survivor.. founded kingdoms and autocracies.. robust and swaggering persona.. "easy come and easy go".. fiacre, romantic, and personal and not nearly so prolific..
Such have been the... dispositions of kings, aristocrats, soldiers and ruling classes... romantic.. introduces an element of conflict and fluctuation into most personas.. the young peasant in the village cinema.. new notions..
.. It seems perfectly natural to us to see a king with spurs and sword; we should never dream of seeing him with a hammer or a spade. ..
The Communist confuses .. The present solidarity of the rich with the royal and "noble" .. is an apparent solidarity that will probably fail to stand any great social or economic strain. .. aristocratic woman sells herself.. melange of the rich boor and the proud baron..'
THE EDUCATED PERSONA AND ITS DERIVATIVES: '.. priest.. detached from the family idea and obsession with property of the peasant, and .. from the personal assertion .. of the aristocrat. .. generally speaking unreproductive.. outcome of .. training.. Brahmin caste.. shows no distinctive mental superiority.. Originally the priests constituted the entire learned class [did they? Hm??] .. The Egyptian priest was doctor, lawyer, teacher, and financier. .. writers.. poets.. architect and artist.. secretary and minister.. bank, treasury and museum... universities were monastic...
.. .. a fact that is often overlooked in progressive discussion. Liberalism is too apt to denounce "priestcraft" as altogether evil. Yet the progressive .. initiatives of the past have been almost entirely of priestly origin. .. Roger Bacon.. Huss, Wycliffe, Luther, Calvin, Knox were all.. dissentient priests. Mendel.. Even Karl Marx was a university product... [this seems unconvincing to me as most of these were Reformation-related though it's true that the C of E had a sort of monopoly until relatively recently. I don't think he'd read his McCabe or history of science - which seems odd. What about Galileo? Was he a cleric? But possibly he's right.].
Through the scholastic clerical tradition nearly all the intellectual growth of humanity has come. .. the vast peasant-souled majority is small.. The aristocrat gave more, but not so very much more... It was the Church that saved learning throughout the Dark Ages. [This seems untrue - what about the Arabs? Wells was corrected by Joseph McCabe on such points]]
.. persona.. teachers.. writers.. doctors.. judges and lawyers, administrators .. particularly that excellent type the permanent official .. technical experts.. the modern scientific worker. ... characteristics that mark them off .. from.. acquisitive peasant townsman.. or predatory classes.
.. [1] self-abnegation .. to a God or divine overruling idea. .. repudiate "mere commercialism".. more or less honest and trustworthy.. never been blindly obedient and disciplined. .. has been the preserver and transmitter of education.. always been aware of the overriding idea, the Truth... [Adam Smith?---] .. innovative spirits of the closing eighteenth century pitted the.. new industrial and financial bourgeoisie against aristocracy, and so created Liberalism. .. the socialist thinkers of the following decades .. proletariat.. but the "idea" came from the class that alone breeds ideas. .. [2] seems to be devotion, [3] purpose - not very clear.
• 314 Entrepreneur as boorish savage may be a passing phase
• 315-323 Property - Wells points out there are hardly any entries in the Encyclopaedia Britannica.
• 323 lawyers - unclear to me why this is here
• 325 - 334 'Scientific Property'
• 343 Money
• -346 total world output of gold up to 1927 38 foot cube.
• 350ish - inflation, deflation, devalorization, Roubles, hyperinflation as it's now called, gold standard, 1849, South Africa, and the amount of gold in the world
• - 363-373 currency schemes; mostly historic with bimetallism etc and 'currency crank' comment. I think Wells gets the idea of paper money (or abstract money - just entries).
• - 386-393 investment
• - 393-405 1929-1931 World Depression
• - 405-412 suspension of gold standard by Britain
• 432 Vanderbilt. Wells dislikes Gould for simply making money by wrecking things and share manipulations.
• Rockefeller: Wells isn't anti-Rockefeller, preferring a unified industry to multitudinous scrappy small units presumably supplying unpredictable grades of material - he regards Rockefeller as a rationalizer
• 455-460: Edison's inventions. 'Henry Ford says of him [Edison] that he almost doubled the efficiency of modern industry-that it is due to Edison that America is the most prosperous country in the world. .. he took out 1,500 patents. They astonish as much by their variety as by their importance. Edison made the telephone possible and turned the telegraph into a general means of communication. He invented the .. incandescent lamp.. and.. worked out an entire system for the generation and distribution of current. He himself says: "It was necessary to think out everything: dynamos, regulators, meters, switches, fuses, fixtures, underground conductors and a host of other detailed parts, down to the insulating tape. Everything was new and unique. .. [except] copper wire, and even that was not properly insulated. .. dynamo.. typewriter.. storage battery.. microphone.. phonograph.. kinetograph.. electric cars.. cement.. smelting iron.. paraffin paper.. mimeograph..'
• 460-467 Henry Ford 'one of the most striking witnesses against the money motive'. 463 the Model T in 1909.
• 468-471 Alfred Loewenstein. Died with fall out of an aeroplane (could Robert Maxwell have copied the idea?) Post first world war - speculator on a vast scale., but all he did was find money expensively for investors and enterprises. He had an estate at Melton Mowbray (!). Villa at Biarritz. Palace in Brussels. Private planes. Wells bemoans poor documentation of such careers - 'hardly a scrap of Harmsworthiana or Zaharoffiana or Loewnsteiniana will be forthcoming.'
• 471-472 beyond permitted limits - here we have reports of trials. Jabez Balfour [Liberator Society], Whitaker Wright [London and Globe Company frauds], Hatry crash of 1929. Wells suggests an amnesty.
• 472-480: 'The Contemporary Rich'.
Wells presents both sides (without giving his sources; how does he know?)
Pro-the-rich is partly historical:-
• 487 Prof Soddy's arguments that the poor are manipulated
• 506 Ultra-modern State Capitalism in USSR
• 508-9 description of problems with Ford type tractor factory in Stalingrad - one twelfth of maximum capacity. Wells says the Bolsheviks boldly admit to errors [J B S Haldane said that too re Lysenko].
• 544: Women & the 'upper hand'
• 577 Votes and the incompetence of Parliament; there's a similar passage in 'Phoenix' (p 87 on Spenlow & Jorkins two parties) but I don't think Wells ever wrote a comprehensive analysis of proportional representation comparable with say A P Herbert's of about this time.
• 585 US constitution and Senate, House, President
586-7 corruption and the US civil servant system with bribes and rewards.
588-589 French and German civil servants. Russian Duma in 1914..
590 Terror in Russia 'has lasted thirteen years'.
• 591: [Wells on dismay and monstrous foreboding] - clumsy dealings of inept governments one with another. Considering them as slow progressive adjustments of an ego-centred and recalcitrant animal - the calm of biology returns.. we see how inevitable these evils were..
• 654: Estimates of human population the earth can carry
• 660: contraception, misery, Stopes, Comstock, Sanger 660
• 674: Slavery and French, Italian, Portuguese, Abyssinian delegates in 1930
• 691: Original tennis [= 'real tennis'?] played in the moat of a castle
• 704: [Note: power structure of art/information:] The psychology of the entertainer is described, apparently well; and that of critics, exploiters etc; former want applause [cp Russell, 'Conquest of Happiness'] but aren't generally capable of giving delight; critics tell public what they should like, and latter ration, dilute and mimic the best performers, acting like food adulterators.
• 706-7: 'Mirth is a powerful solvent..' [Cp Orwell, 'every laugh is a revolution' or something like that] [and 151 of 'Homo sapiens']
• 722: 'the world has discovered that the common man ...'
• 726: Articles of association
• 731: Communism as a religion
• 788-9: Prison: derived from contemplative nature of monk's cells?
• 800: 'Smart Alec' from America; Wells means the sociopath type as they're perhaps optimistically labelled - will destroy things by corrupting shares, taking advantage of panics etc etc. Wells hopes such people may be corrected. (Looking around Darwen in Lancashire and contemplating the starting-from-nothing emptiness and instinctive jumpy unintelligent shallowness of kids here I cannot help but wonder.)
FULL INDEX Wells' Work, Wealth & Happiness. 10 November 1995 completely checked. I've put book titles in bold; generally I hope impressions of continuity or change might strike readers or searchers - RW
A.B.C. of L.S.D., The (Milne), 359 note
Abelard, 66
Abir Company (Congo), 271 274
Abolition of distance, 2, 121 158
Abolition of property, 321, 323, 327
Abolition of toil, 109
Abstraction, difficulty of, 325
Academia dei Lincei, 80
Academia Naturæ Curiosorum (Madrid), 80
Academia Secretorum Naturæ (Naples), 80
Académie des Sciences, 80
"Acceptable substitute" in adulteration, 172
Accuracy of work (gauges, etc.), 119
Acousticon plaster, 207
Acquisitive Society (Tawney), 319 note
Acton, Lord (quoted), 4
Actors, 245
Adams, C. F. & H. (High Finance, etc), 437 note
Adams, Professor Romanzo, 668
Administrators (their persona), 311
Adornment, personal, 197 198
Adult education, 9 10, 751. 753, 749
Adult Education, British Institute of, 751
Adult Education, World Association for, 751
Adulteration, 170 174; newspapers and, 291
Adventure in Working Class Education, Art (Mansbridge), 751
Adventure of Science, The (Ginsburg), 74 note
Advertising, 479; history of, 222; newspaper, 155; on money, 346
Advertising and Selling (Hollingsworth), 223
Advertising, Its Use and Abuse (Wigham), 223
Aerial beam, 150
Aerial photography, 142
Aeroplane follows automobile, 139
Aeroplane "dope," 90
Afghanistan ("spurious Westernization"), 676,
Africa and Some World Problems (Smuts), 672
Africa, East ("moral argument" for white settlement), 671 675
Africa, West (Malinowski on), 675
African Association, International (Congo Free State), 268
Afrikander native policy, 671
After care work, 793
Age of coal and oil, 1o9. 133
Age of toil and tradition, 1oq
Aggressive nationalism, 8; aggressive nomads, 307
Agriculture, beginnings of, 40 44; electrification of, 165; New Zealand, 187; Soviet Russia, 185
Agriculture in Soviet Russia (Beauchamp), 185
Ainu, the hairy, 666
Air, use of compressed, 126
Air forces and submarines, 609
Air routes, lighting of, z1z
Air transport, 131, 111
Airship development, 1q1
A la Conquête de la Richesse (Lewinsohn), 415 note
Albany and Susquehama Railroad, 819
Alchemy and alchemists, 70, 75
Alcock and Brown, 139
Alexandria, museum at, 79
Allan, Mr. A. P., 24
Allen, Devere (Fight for Peace), 559, 627 note
Allied Shipping Control (Salter), 134
Alternative vote, the, 599
Altotting, Bavaria, 730
Aluminium, 58
Amalgamated Clothing Workers' Union, 243
Amanuenses, 338
Ambassadors, privileges of, 605
America, negro "established" in, 671
American Civil Service, 586
American Consumers' Service, Inc., 173
Ammonia, 163
Ampère, 144
Amsterdam canal, 136
Anarchism, 594, 628
Anatomy of African Misery (Olivier), 671
Anderson, Dame Adelaide, 256, 527
Andes and the Amazon, The (Hardenburg), 263
Andreades (Bank of England), 380
Andromars (silk fibre), 89
Anglican bishops (birth control), 662
Aniline dyes, 88
Animal behaviour (three stages), 61
Animals, domestication of, 36 39
Antagonism (employer and employed), 240
Anthropology (a "revolutionary science"), 31o
Antioch College (Ohio), 250
Anti Slavery Society (London), 273
Apprentices, 226, 249, 252
Arabs, 7, 49, 75, 580
Arana Brothers (Congo), 263
Archery, 687
Archimedes, 70
Architecture, 205, 209, 711
Aristotle, 7, 60, 62, 67, 70, 74 75, 589, 754, 764
Armament industry. the, 292, 612, 650
Armstrong, Lord, 618
Armstrong, Professor (quoted), 190
Art and the arts, 312, 426, 681, 686, 708
Artificial silk, 89, 469 970
Aryan, 725
Ascham, Roger, 742
Ascot week, 693
Ashanti, 673
Ashenden (Somerset Maugham), 620
Ashton, T. G., 249 note
Asia, Central. 47
Assembly of League of Nations, 634
Assent (in political life), 577, 591
Association, economic, 45
Astronomy, beginnings of, 41
Asylums, 791 792
Athens (Lyceum}, 764
Athletics, 694, 697
Atkinson, J. J., 32
Atlantic, 132. 139. 145
Atlas, political, 774
Atrocities, see Congo
Attachés, diplomatic, 604
Augustus (motor ship), 1o7
Australia, 187, 666, 675
Automatic telephone exchanges, 147
Automatic train control, 128
Automobile, development of, 138 139, 461 467
Aviation, 138 143
Aztec, 47
BABYLONIA, 198, 690
Bacon, Francis, 7, 70, 81
Bacon, Roger, 6-9, 66-67, 70, 310, 481
Bacteria, 164
Bakelite, 93
Balfour, Jabez, 471
Banks, banking, bankruptcy, 352, 355, 373, 376, 398
Bank of England, 397, 409, 643
Bank for International Settlements, 380, 642, 647 648
Banking and Currency Act (1928), 399
Banque de France, 404, 41O
Barber knotter, 116
Barbusse, M. Henri, 25, 182
Barker, Mr. Ernest, 764
Barker, Miss Lillian, 793
Barnard, Judge, 438
Barnum, 703
Barristers, 311, 325
Barter, 48, 405
Baths, bathing, 686, 689
Beale, A. C. F. (History of Peace), 650
Beauchamp, Joan (Mrs. W. H. Thompson), 25, 185
Beaverbrook, Lord (Empire Free Trade), 646 note
Beauty, 775; beauty specialists, 476, 550
Beccaria, 794
Bee keeping, 168
Beer, 169
Belgium (Co operative societies), 229
Bell, Graham, 146
Belloc, Mr. Hilaire, 169
Belmont (Rothschild), 821
Benares, 730
Benn, Sir Ernest, 362
Bennett, Arnold, 175, 303, 312
Bensusan, S. L. (quoted), 171
Bentham, Jeremy, 581. 601, 793
Bergson, M., 637
Berthelot, 164
Besant, Mrs., 660
Bessemer, 99, 132, 162
Betting, 701
Big Business, era of, 447
Bimetallism, 367
Biology, 4, 11, 29, 190, 760
Birth control, 498, 525, 654, 659, 660 664, 744
Birth rates (European), 655
Black Man's Burden, The (Morel), 269 note
Blériot, 139, 698
Boat Race (Oxford and Cambridge), 742
Boer War (Vickers and the), 615
Bolshevism (Co-operative societies), 286
Bonnevie, Mlle., 637
Books, 153
Boom on American Stock Exchange (1928), 403
Boredom, 701
Borstal, 773
Bose, Sir Jagadis, 637
Boston and Stonington Railway, 433
Botany (Kew), 96
Boulton (and Watt), 11g
Bourgeois, M. Léon, 624, 637, 649
Bovier, Bishop, 729
Bowling (prohibited), 687
Brabourne, Lord (quoted), 360 note
Bradlaugh, Charles, 660
Bramwell, Sir Frederick, 1o6
Branly, 148
Brazil (rubber), 95
Breasted, Professor J. H., 1o, 579
Breeding (and see eugenics), 663
Brereton, Mr. Cloudesley, 25, 734 735
Briand, M., 614, 645
Bribery, 428, 435, 440, 446, 448, 450, 479, 595
Bridges, 98, 126
Brindley, 82
British Association (1898), 163
British Broadcasting Corporation, 1511 749
British Civil Service (Finer), 581 note
British East Africa (head tax), 671
British Empire Marketing Board (herring fishery), 168
British Gas Light and Coke Co., 244
British Government at work, the, 566
British League of Nations Union, 643
British Museum (library), 773
British National Building Guild, 242
Broadcasting, 103, 151, 479
Brockhaus (Lexicon), 767, 770
Broken Earth (Hindus), 505 note
Brunel, 127, 132
Bruno, 71
Bryan, William Jennings, 369
Buckingham Palace, 61o
Buddhism, 726, 730
Budget, balancing the (1931), 409
Buell, R. L. (quoted), 665
Buenos Ayres, 698
Buffalo, Bradford and Pittsburg Railway, 438
Burns, 311
Burt, Professor Cyril (Young Delinquent), 784, 795 note
Burtt, E. A., 74 note, 673
Business, individualism and socialism, 289 292; organization of, 315
Business Adrift (Donham), 280 note
But an Apprentice, etc. (Levenstein), 110 note
Butler, Nicholas Murray, Mr., 643 644
Butler, Samuel (Way of All Flesh), 544
Byzantine system, 57
CABINET government, 566
Cabot's quilt, 207
Cadbury, Mr. William, 673
Calcium nitrate, 163
Calendar, the, 39 41
Calvin, Calvinism, 310, 728, 736
Canada (racial exclusion), 675
Canadian Pacific Railway, 125, 126
Canals, 123, 128 129, 135 138
Candles, 210
Cannan, Professor Edwin (Modern Currency), 345 note, 366, 367
Cannibalism (of society), 665
"Cannon King," the (Krupp). 618
Canterbury Tales, The (Chaucer), 6go
Cape Cod canal, 136
Capitalism, 386, 506, 687, 736
Caravanserai, 202
Card games, 687
Carnegie, Andrew (J. P. Morgan and), s21
Carnegie Peace Palace, 639, 643
Carnegie Foundation for Advancement of Teaching, 696
Carr Saunders, Professor, 24, 163 note, 240, 246, 657, 678, 752
Cartesian Economics (Soddy), 487
Case for Empire Free Trade, The (Beaverbrook), 646 note
Case hardening, 101
Casement, Sir Roger (Putumayo), 262-266
Cassel, Professor Gustav, 397, 643
Castration, 38
Casual labour, 247
Cathedrals, 237, 503
Catholic Church (on the defensive), 7
Catholic Encyclopædia, 767
Catholic unity (broken by clerics), 313
Cavendish, Henry, 77
Cayley, Sir George, 140
Celluloid, go, 93
Cellulose, 89
Central banks, 397
Central Banks (Kisch and Elkin), 378
Centrosoyus (and C.W.S.), 286
Century of Inventions (Lord Worcester), 123
Cerium, 234
Ceylon, 96
Chain stores, 220
Chamberlain, Sir Austen, 635
>Chambers' Encyclopædia, 765
Chambers of Commerce, 591
Changeableness of substances, 70
Chanute (early glider), 139
Chardonnet, 90
Charlotte Dundas (steamboat), 131
Chaucer (Canterbury Tales), 690
Chemistry for Beginners (Holmyard), 74 note
Cheques, 352, 375
Chess (forbidden on Sabbath), 685
Child (Labour and Capital). 591 note
Children, allowances, 543; normal and abnormal. 757
Children's Courts (Clarke Hall), 795
Chile, 163
China, 2, 49, 123, 255, 675, 676
Chocolate, 170
Christian Science Monitor, 748
Christianity, 50, 726, 728, 733
Chromium, 259
Churchill, Mr. Winston, 577-578
Cincinnati, University of, 250
Cinemas, 156, 308, 455, 479, 519, 658, 703, 705, 744. 749. 755, 758, 775
Circumcision, 38
City and South London Railway, 129
City of To-morrow, The (Le Corbusier), 209 note
Citizenship, sense of, 761
Civil services, 324, 579 580, 583, 586, 588, 590, 648
Civility, children and, 758
Civilization ("if it crashes"), 683
Clark, Keith (International Communications), 647 note
Class antagonism, 257, 515
Claude, Dr. Georges, 112
Clay, Professor Henry (Economics for the General Reader), 24, 284, 299 note, 368
Clemency, 614
Clement IV, 7
"Clerk at the Table," 575
Clermont (steamboat), 131
Clever Alec ("the spoiler of things"), 553, 800, 804
Climate, 49, 200
Clinic, children's school, 758
Clothing, 193 197
Cnossos, 48, 214, 219
Coal, 88, 108 110, 817
Cobalt, 102, 103
Cochran, Mr. Charles, 703
Cocoa, 169, 262, 672
Coke, 97, 1o8
Collective bargaining, 2391 241; buying, 237, 498, 503 504, 609, 759, 798; feeding, 174
Colosseum, the, 693
Colour, of eyes, 675; prejudice, 668
Colouring matter (in foods), 172
Columbus, 7
Comenius (Conatum), 705
Commercial Advertising (Russell), 223
Committee of Intellectual Co-operation, 636
Commodore Vanderbilt (Howden Smith), 433
Commons, House of, 23, 570 577, 598
Communications, 2, 49, 143, 153, 214 ("all the world neighbours"), 256, 394, 602
Communism, 240, 285, 303 305, 321 323, 326, 386, 411, 484, 506, 726, 731, 767
Compagnie Forestière (French Congo), 277
Company promotion, 386 393
Comstock, Anthony, 660
Comte (on mythological phase of human development), 59
Conant, C. A. (Modern Banks of Issue), 380
Conatum, etc. (Comenius), 765
Conduct, 298
Congo, 23, 670; Free State, 268, 273, 276; rubber, 95, 267 279
Conquest of climate, 193; of darkness, 211; Of distance, 2, 121; of hunger, 161; of power, 70, 84, 520; Of substances, 70, 84, 520
Conservation of energy, 75
Conservatism (of priesthoods), 580
Constituencies, territorial (out of date), 568
Constitution of Athens (Aristotle), 589
Constitutional Code (Bentham), 581
Constantinesco, M., 113
Constantinople, fall of, 79
Consumers' Co operative Movement, The (B. and S. Webb), 283 note
Consumers' Place in Society, The (Redfern), 283 note
Conti, Prince (internal heat from earth), 111
Conversations Lexicon (Brockhaus), 767, 770
Cooke (telegraphy), 144
Co-operation, nature and, 37; invention and public service, 292
Co-operative movement, the, 283
Co-operative Republic, 284, 288
Co-operative Republic, the (Poisson), 283 note
Co-operative societies, 228, 2461 284 285
Co-operative Union of Great Britain and Ireland, 228
Co-operative Wholesale Societies. 228.
Copyright, 310
Corinth (canal), 136
Cornejo, M. Mariano H., 638
Cosmetics, 197, 550
Cosmopolitan synthesis (projects for), 645
Cotton (Nubian), 672
Counter Reformation, the, 736
Counting house, 343, 374
Couriers, 338, 422 (Rothschilds)
Course and Phases of the World Economic Depression, 393 note
Courtney, Lord, 597
Craftsmanship, 236 239
Crane, 703
Crawford, Mr. O. G. S., 96. 142
Crawshay (of Cyfarthfa), 98
Crèches (in Russia), 560
Credit, 373, 398, 426, 442, 689
Credit Power and Democracy (Douglas), 365 note
Credit union system. 227; and see 689
Cremer, William Randal (and Frédéric Passy), 643
Cressy, Mr. Edward, 22, 24
Crick, Mr. W., 25
Cricket, 692
Crime (what it is), 783
Criminal law, 324
Crocker, W. R. (The Japanese Population Problem), 657 nota
Crookes, Sir William, 163, 189
Cross and Bevan, go
Cugnot (steam carriage), 123, 767
Culture, steam roller of Western, 676
Cunard Line, 132
Curie, Mme., 82, 637, 769
Currency, 345; deflation, 227, 412; inflation, etc., 227, 351 356, 501; literature of, 364; reform, 363; Russia, 402
Currency Act (elastic, in England), 397
Currency and Credit (Hawtrey), 380
Custom House, 602, 605
D'ABERNON, Lord (The Economic Crisis, etc.), 24, 464
Dagenham (Ford works at), 464
Daimler, Gottlieb, 106, 139
D'Alembert, 766
Dalton, 320
Dampier Whetham, W. C. D. (History of science, etc.), 77 note
Dances, 36, 685, 700
Dangers of Obedience (Laski), 483 note
Daniels, G. W., 249 note
Danzig corridor. 626
Dark Ages (and the Church), 311
Darling, J. F. (The "Rex"), 25, 367 note
Davies, David (Problem of the Twentieth Century), 624 note
Davies, J. Langdon (Man and His Universe), 74 note
De Callières, François (cited), 604
De Castro, M., 637
De Laval (turbine), 106
De Lesseps, Ferdinand, 136
De Marselaer, Frederick (cited), 603
De Reynold, M., 637
De Saussure, 162, 694
Dead Sea (potash), 163
"De advertising," 223
Death rates (European), 655
Debt, 321, 332
Deflation (see under "currency")
Defoe (Moll Flanders}, 52. 789
Democracy (inversion of meaning), 279
Denmark, 179, 229
Dentists and dental care, 175, 199
Department stores, 220
Depression (world wide), 398
Derby, the, 693
Descartes, 80
Destrée, M., 637
Detroit Automobile Company, 462
Detroit Electric Company, 461
Deutsches Museum (Munich), 85, 234
Dictatorships, 279, 406, 600
Dictionaries, 764
Diderot, 765, 775 779
Diesel engine, 106, 115, 126 128, 133
Diogenes or the Future of Leisure (Joad), 686
Diplomatic Service, the, 603
Directed thought, 60, 63
Disarmament, 502, 647
Disarmament Conference (Washington), 645
Disease (epidemic), 49
Distribution (to consumer), 219
Dividends (in cooperation), 228, 285, 287
Doctors and dentists, 175
Dogs and mankind, 37
Doles, 406, 502, 504, 514, 689
Domestic service, 201 203
Domestication of animals, etc., 46
Donham (Business Adrift), 280 note
Dostoevsky, 182
Douglas, Major (Economic Democracy, etc.), 365 note
Dowson (gas production), 106
Drake, Colonel (petroleum), 93
Drawing (children), 757
Dressmaker, the exclusive, 476
Droit de seigneur, 302 [in Russia and central Europe 'until quite recently']
Drugs, 175, 176, 620
Drummond, Sir Eric, 635
Drunkenness, 685, 686, 687
Drysdale, Dr. George (Elements of Social Science), 660
Dual Mandate, 675
Dual Mandate, The (Lord Lugard), 670
Dumont, Santos, 139, 140
Dunant, Henri (Souvenirs de Solferino), 440
Duncan, Mr. R. A. (Science and Art of Architecture). 24, 206
Duralumin, 140
Dürer, Albert (a scientific pioneer), 80
Durtain, M. Luc, 278
Dyer and Martin (Edison), 455 note
EAST, Professor E. M., 654
East India Company, 292
Eastman (celluloid film), 456
Ebonite, 93, 95
Ecology, 29, 190
Economic animal, man an, 305
Economic Consequences of Power Production, The (Henderson), 502 note
Economic Councils, 591
Economic crisis (cause and cure), 362
Economic Crisis, The (Lord D'Abernon), 361
>Economic Democracy (Douglas), 365 note
Economic distress (world wide), 647
Economics, 5, 11, 24, 29, 45, 315
Economics for the General Reader (Clay), 24, 284 note, 299 note
Eddington, Professor, 76
Edison, Thomas Alva, 210, 454, 486, 492, 573
Edison, His Life and Inventions (Dyer and Martin), 455 note
Educated "persona," the, 309
Education: cost of, 246; "only dawning upon the world," 717; definition of (in biological sense), 715; the fundamental thing, 313, 650; foundations laid in infancy, 756; an ideology of, 763; informal, 742, 745; Kaffir debarred from, 667; a lifelong matter,762; neglected by cinema, 157; the new, 2, 8, 760; politicians and, 595;pre school, 757; present day ideal of,732; primary (in the future), 759; primitive, 718; religious or secular? 723 733, 760 761; specialization at school, 761; universal elementary, 716; what is it? 715; women, 492, 608; the world's hope, 680
Egypt, 47, 63, 78, 122, 177, 198, 676, 690
Einstein, 637, 680, 772
Eisler, Dr. Robert (This Money Maze), 412
Elaboration, Chinese preference for, 763
Elements of Social Science, The (Drysdale), 660
Election of Representatives, The (Hare), 597
Electric and Ordnance Accessories Co., 615
Electricity: and price of eggs, 167; and farming, 165; electric furnace, 180; light, 110, 117, 210; power, 166, 187, 648; railways in U.S.A., 130; welding, 465
Elevators, 113, 135
Ellis, Howard (League of Nations), 633, 634
Ellis, Mr. Clough Williams, 24
Empire Free Trade, 646
Employer and worker (beginnings of antagonism), 238
Encyclopædia, rôle of an, 763
Encyclopædia Britannica, 25, 243, 287, 316, 470, 603, 614, 692, 696, 764 and note, 766, 775, 784
Encyclopédistes, the French, 6, 765
End to Poverty, An (Wittels), 627
Engine, compound, 132; Cugnot's, 123; Daimler, 106; Diesel, 106; Dr. Georges Claude's, 112; Dr. Lange's Sunlight, 111; explosive, 109; Hero, 17, 111; hot water, 112; internal combustion, 138, 142; Lenoir, 106; light oil, 107; Otto, 106; Prince Conti's, 111; reciprocating, 133; types of steam, 106, 123; Savery's, 123; turbine, 106
English Convict, The (Goring), 784
English Middle Class, The (Grettin), 314 note
Entertainment, the world of, 703
Entrepreneur, the civilization of the, 314
Eoliths, 33, 53
Equal pay for all (Communist ideal), 484
Equalitarianism, 485
Era of railways and steamships, 209
Era of rebuilding, 209
Erie Railroad, 431
Esperanto, 644
Essay on Population (Malthus), 664
Essen, 618
Etat Indépendent au Congo, L' (Wauters), 269 note
Etchell, F. (trs. The City of To-morrow), 209 note
Etruscan sacrifices and games, 691
Eugenics, 664, 677 (and see Genetics)
Eugenics (Carr Saunders), 678
Euripides, 694, 725
European union (see United States of Europe)
Evolution, discovery of, 69
Examinations (school, etc.), 761
Excelsior, 615
Exercise and sports, 686
Exhibitionism (of the new rich), 489
Exogamy, 43
Experimental method, 67 71
Extremes Meet (Compton Mackenzie), 620
Exploitation (of natural products), 670
Exploration, 482, 736, 774
FABIANISM, 285, 582
Factories, 248, 276, 527
Fairs, 685
Fallacies, 774
Famine, 161, 181
Faraday, 144
Farbman, Mr. Michael (Piatiletka, etc.), 25, 183 note, 505 note
Farman, 139
Farming and electricity, 165
Farrington, Governor, 668
Fascism and Fascists, 242, 286, 509, 517
Federal Civil Service (U.S.A.), 586 588
Federal Food and Drugs Act (U.S.A.), 173
Federal Reserve Bank (New York), 356, 402, 404, 410
Federation of British Industries, 372
Fernando Po (cocoa), 672
Fertilizers, 161
Feudal system, 50
Field, Cyrus. 444
Fielding (Journey to Lisbon), 52, 202
Fight for Peace, The (Allen), 559, 627 note
Filaments (electric lamp), 109
Filene, Mr. Edward A., 25, 227
Filipinos, 669
Finality, not claimed by science, 74
Financial entrepreneurs, 315
Financial panics: after 1848, 818; 1907, foreshadowing depression, 823
Findlay, Alexander (Spirit of Chemistry), 74 note
Finland (Co operative societies), 229
Finer, Dr. H. (British Civil Service; Representative Government 1923), 24, 581 note, 584 note, 588, 590, 591 note
Fire, 36
Fire fighting, 214
Fire of London, 204, 215
First and Last Men (Stapledon), 810
Fisher, Professor Irving: (Capital and Income; Purchasing Power of Money; Making of Index Numbers), 349 note, 365 note
Fishermen ("peasant of the waters"), 306
Fisk, 436, 819
Fitzgerald (Hertzian waves), 147
Five Year Plan, 182. 402, 511 note, 731, 779, 780, 797
Five Year Plan of the Soviet Union, The (Grinko), 515 note
Flexner, Abraham (Universities), 83
Floating docks, 135
Foetlinger system, 133
Food, 94, 134, 161 190
Football, 692 [includes a plate]
Forced labour, 261, 2701 378, 625
Forced Labour Convention (refused), 674
Forests, destruction of, 649
Ford, Edsel, 462
Ford, Henry, 22, 4551 460, 472, 486, 492, 501
Ford Motor Company, 250, 462
Ford out Forded (at Stalingrad), 508 509
Foreign affairs, 579
Foreign correspondents, 154
Foreign Minister, 603
Foreign Office, 603 605
Foreigner Looks at the British Sunday, A (Keun), 672 note
Fortnightly Reviewer (Author's essay, 1891), 76 note
Fosdyck, Raymond D. (Old Savage in the New Civilization), 25, 177, 188, 366
Foster and Catchings (Road to Plenty), 502
Fourier, F. M. C., 284
Fowler, Sir Henry (quoted), 124
France, 229, 407 408
Franklin, 778
Frazer, 32
Free trade, 281, 401, 412
Freemasonry, 237
Freight charges, 134
French Revolution, 214, 254, 766, 788
Freud, 39
Frith, Dr., 317
Froebel, 719
Frohman, Mr., 703
Frontiers, 565, 601, 605
Fruits of Philosophy (Knowlton), 660
Fry (chocolate), 673
Fuel, 107, 127
Fulöp Miller (Spirit and Face of Bolshevism), 732
Fulton (Clermont, steamboat, 1807), 131
Fulton and Livingston, 432
Fundamental human needs, 28
GALE, H., 223
Galileo, 71, 74, 80
Galsworthy, John (Man of Property), 328
Galton, Sir Francis, 677, 678
Gambling, 477, 687, 701
Games, 686
Gangsters, 587
Garfield, President, 587
Garnett, Maxwell (quoted), 3
Garvin, J. L., 768
Gas and electricity, 24; in warfare, 611
Gassendi, 80
Gauges, railway, 428
Gauss, 144
General ideas, 773
General Motors, 250
Genetics, 310, 677, 678
Geneva, 584, 634, 644
Germany, 235, 602
Gesell, Silvio (Natural Economic Order), 365 note
Gibbon (anti Christian bias), 50
Gide, M. André (Travels in the Congo), 25, 276
Gide, Charles, 285
Gide and Rist (Histoire des Doctrines Economiques), 506 note
Gifford (dirigible), 140
Gigant (in Caucasus), 184
Gigolo, 546
Gilbert, 7, 74, 215
Ginzburg (The Adventure of Science), 74 note
Gipsies, 3071 685, 703
Gladiators, 691
Gluttony, 686
Gods, tribal, 44 45; in nature, 59
Gold: accumulations, 361; hoarding, 361-362; League of Nations, 362; rush (1849) 352, 818; output, 346, 359, 369, 4211 428; and silver standard, comparison with, 366 372; standard, 353, 356, 359, 398, 405,408. 411 12
Gold Coast, 672, 675
Gold Reporting Company (Edison and), 458
Goldsmith (quoted), 2
Goring, Dr. (The English Convict), 784
Gossip, 686
Göttingen (University), 817
Gould, Jay, 428, 486, 819
Governments, A Collection of 581; official intercommunication of, 601; the problem of, 596
Grammar of Politics (Laski), 315 note, 579
Gramophone (in education), 758
"Grand Audit" (Wylie King), 411
Grand Trunk Railway (Edison), 457
Great Eastern (Brunel), 127, 132
Great War, the, 626, 630, 642
Greaves, H. R. G. (The League Committees and World Order), 633, 639 note.
Greece, Greeks, 48, 62, 736
Green, Hetty, 416, 486
Gregory, Professor J. W. (Menace of Colour, etc.), 666 667
Gregory, Sir Richard A., 25, 124 note
Gregory, Professor T. E., 25
Grenadier Guards, 610
"Gresham's Law," 368 371
Grettin, R. H. (The English Middle Class), 314 note
Grey, Sir Edward, 266
Grinko, G. T. Five Year Plan of the Soviet Union), 505 note
Guano, 163
Guest, Mr., 467
Guild and Trade Union, 235
Guild Socialism, 242
Guillebaud (The Works Council), 243
HABER, 164
Hadfield, Sir Robert, 25, 102, 346
Haggling (in retail trade), 293
Haileybury College, 581
Hale, Dr., 637
Hall, S. R., 223
Hall, Mr. W. Clarke, 25, 795 note
Hamlin, Talbot F., 693
Hammond, J. L. L. (Town Labourer, etc.), 239. 253
Hanau Nunzenburg, Count of (see Hesse Cassel, Landgrave of)
Hanna, Mark, 822
Hardenburg, W. F. (The Andes and the Amazon), 263
Hare, Thomas (The Election of Representatives), 597
Harkness, Mr. E. T., 484
Harriman (American railways),429, 820
Harris, Mr. J. H., 25
Harris, John (Universal Dictionary), 764
Harris, Wilson (What the League of Nations Is), 611
Harvard Bureau of Business Research, 227
Hatry scandals, 4051 471
Hawaii, 688, 674
Hawtrey, R. G., 25, 380, 404
Head tax, 671
Hearst papers, 404
Helium, 157
Henderson, F. (Economic Consequences of Power Production), 502
Hepburn Law, 822
Hero's engine, 17
Hertz, 147
Hertzog, 671
Hesse Cassel, Landgrave of, 420
High Finance in the 'Sixties (Adams), 437 note
Higham, Sir C. F. (Advertising, Its Use and Abuse), 223
Hill, Norman L. (International Administration), 633
Hilton, Mr. John, 25
Hindus, Maurice, (Broken Earth, Red Bread, etc.), 25, 182, 505
Histoire de L'lnflation (Lewinsohn), 415 note
Histoire des Doctrines Economiques (Gide and Rist), 506 note
History: dawn of human, 300; materialistic conception of, 305; the new, 4, 10, 580, 760; "period," 743; reformed teaching of, 628
History of the Bank of England, The (Andreades), 380
History of the Great American Fortunes (Meyer), 415 note
History of Modern Banks of Issue, A (Conant), 380
History of Peace (Beale), 650
History of Science and Its Relationship with Philosophy, etc. (Dampier Whetham), 77 note
Hitlerites (or Nazis), the, 407
Hittite Roads, 122
Hobbies, 686
Holidays, 688
Hollingsworth, H. L. (Advertising and Selling), 223
Holmyard (Chemistry for Beginners), 74 note
Holy Alliance, the, 646
Holy Roman Empire, 603
Holyoake, George Jacob, 285
Home, dissolution of the, 200
Home Office, 527
Home Office Industrial Museum, 258 259
Homo sapiens, 32, 43, 85, 161, 190, 297 334, 370, 494, 627, 680
Hoover, President, 407
Horrabin, Mr. J. F. (M.P.), 23
"Hotel diplomacy," 634; the hotel industry, 202
House of Commons, 23, 570 577, 598
House of Lords, 570
House of Representatives (U.S.A.), 598
Houses of Parliament (the buildings), 568 570
Housing, 193, 204 205, 475
Howard, John, 794
Human association, psychology of, 596; the "human element" in world processes, 233; a limit to human increase, 654; relationships complex and subtle, 677
Human Migrations and the Future (Gregory), 666
Humanity Uprooted (Hindus), 505 note
Humphrey Clinker, 202
Huns, 49, 622
Hunt, Frazier, 182
Huss (a priest), 310
Hut tax. 671
Huxley, Professor Julian, 12, 684
Huxley, Professor T. H., 772
Hyde, Mr. Robert R., 25
Hydro electric undertakings, 469
Hymans, M., 636
IATRO chemistry, 70
Ideology: current American, 403; business man, 328; changes in, 77; civil service, 582 584; Communist, 305; education, 767; first Encyclopædia Britannica, 766; foundation of, in school, 760; French Revolution (Diderot), 766; industrialism, 489; inversion of meaning, 279; modernized, 760, 765; money, 332; nationalist, 649; new, 3, 5; nomad, 308; ordinary man, 320; pacificist, 630; past, 797; peasant, 300, 328; rich and influential, 514; common schools, 770; Social, 316; of Stuart period, 74; a world ideology "for the common good," 665; the World Encyclopædia, 776
Ilbert, Sir Courtenay (History of Parliament, etc.), 584 note
Illusions (tendency to intellectual), 64
Imagination (in place of thinking), 58
Imperial Air Services, Ltd., 141
Imperial Chemical Industries, 468
Imperial Palace (Bennett), 175
Imperialism (Roman), 63
Inbreeding (biologists and), 679
Incandescent lamp (Edison), 455
Incest, 43, 679
Incorporated Law Society, 325
Index number (of commodities and service), 412
India, 49, 59, 6571 676
Indian Civil Service, 581
Indian princes (wealth of), 473
Indies, West, 668, 671
Individualism, 288 292, 327, 453> 467, 755
Industrial Democracy (Webb), 239, 241
Industrial entrepreneur, 314
Industrial Psychology (Myers and others), 250 note
Industrial revolution, the, 52, 238
Industrial Welfare Society, 25
Industrialism, 258, 489
Inflation (of currency), 227, 351, 354, 356, 501
Insolvency, 49
Instalment system, 221
Instinct ("innate dispositions"), 715
Instinct and the Unconscious (Rivers), 609
Institute of Agriculture (Lubin), 372
Institute of Technology (Ohio), 250
Insurance (of workers), 243
Intellectual release, 62
Intelligent Woman's Guide to Socialism and Capitalism, The (Shaw), 484
Intolerance (of Christendom), 71
Intermarriage, 667 669, 679
International Administration (Hill), 633
International African Association (Congo Free State), 268
International Armament Commission (needed), 647
International Association for Labour Legislation, 639
International Bank for Business Credits (projected), 648
International Bureau of Education, 643
"International Committee of Popular Arts," 638
International Conservation Board (needed), 649
International Co operative Alliance. 287
International Court, 639
International Currency and Credit Board (needed), 648
International Government (Woolf), 647
International Holdings Company (Lowenstein), 470
International Hydrographic Bureau (Monaco), 639
International Institute of Agriculture (Rome), 641, 643, 646, 648
International Institute of Intellectual Co operation, 82, 636, 638, 643, 649, 769, 770
International Labour Bureau, 256, 260, 639, 642, 646.
International Mortgage Bank (projected). 380, 643, 648
International Red Cross, 642
International Trust (projected), 380
Internationalism (experiments in), 632
Inter Parliamentary Union (Geneva), 643
Investments, 351, 385, 390 (trusts)
Irish Free State Banking Commission (quoted), 379
Iron and Steel (the story of), 97
Islam, 622, 726, 728
Italy, 100, 131, 406, 602
JABLOKOFF, (arc light), 210
Jamaica, 24, 667, 672, 674
"Jamaica, a Racial Mosaic (Opportunity, Buell), 668
James, Henry, 775
James, William (The Moral Equivalent of War), 625, 795
Jams (Bensusan on), 171 172
Japan, Japanese, 6351 669, 675
Japanese Population Problem, The (Crocker). 657 note
Java (the man ape of), 32
Jay Gould: The Story of a Fortune (Warshow), 429 note
Jeans, Sir James, 73, 723, 809
Jesuits, 736, 767
Joad, C. E. M. (Diogenes), 686
Johnson, Sir Harry (Negro in the New World), 667
Joint Stock Banks (and enterprise), 52, 332, 378
Jones, Mr. Leif, 24
Journalism (scientific and technical), 773
Journey to Lisbon (Fielding). 202
Jung, Dr. Carl, 32, 298, 3161 715
KAFFIR (debarred from education), 60;
Kaiser, the ("saw war as a. sport"), 700
Kaiser Wilhelm Institute (Dahlem) 111
Kalergi, R. N. Coudenhove (Pan Europa), 645
Kanaka (Australia and the), 675
Karlsruhe. 204
Keeble, Sir Frederick, 24
Kellogg Pact, 321, 645, 798
Kelvin, Lord (see Thomson, William)
Kenya, 671, 675
Kenya (Leys), 672
Keun, Mme Odette (British Sudan), 23, 672 note
Kew (rubber). 96
Keynes, Mr. J. M. (Monetary Reform, etc.), 24, 349> 365, 397
Kiel canal, 135
King Leopold's Rule in Africa (Morel), 270 note, 271 note
King, Mr. W. Wylie ("Grand Audit"), 411
King's messenger, 573, 603
Kipling, Mr. Rudyard, 619, 694, 700
Kisch and Elkin (Central Banks), 375, 380
Kischway, Dr. (and Dr. Goring), 784
Kitchener, Lord, 605
Kitson, Arthur (Money Problem, etc.), 365 note
Knickerbocker, H. R. (Soviet Five Year Plan), 505 note, 506, 590
Knowlton, Dr. (Fruits of Philosophy), 660
Knox, John (a priest), 310
"Kohl," 199
Kolkhozy, 183 184, 508
Krebs (see Renard and Krebs), 140
Krupp, Alfred, 617
Krupp, Frederick, 618
"Krupp Kaiser combination, the," 619
Ku Klux Klan, 669
Kulaks, 183, 303
Kuomintang, 517
La France (airship), 140
Labour: and foreign producer, 501; insufficiency of native, 671; troubles, 237
Labour and Capital (Child), 591 note
Labour Cabinet, 409
Labour College movement, the, 752
Lambeth Conference (birth control), 662
Lamont, Mr. Thomas, 24
Lange, Dr. (Dahlem), 111
Langham Hotel, 417
Language: "casually picked up by child," 757; foreign, 758, 761; a history of (becoming possible). 773; "an instrument of precision," 753; "significs," 773
Lansdowne, Lord, 276
Laplace, 680
Larousse, Pierre, 767
Las Casas, 52
Laski, Professor Harold (Grammar of Politics, etc.), 25, 315 note, 415 note, 483 note, 579 note
Laveleye, 316
Lavergne, Professor Bernard (L'Ordre Co opératif), 283 note, 287
Law and Lawyers, 318, 323, 517
Law, Privileges, Proceedings and Usage of Parliament (May), 566 note
Lawes (chemical manure), 162
Le Corbusier (The City of To-morrow), 209 note
League Committees and World Order, The (Greaves), 633, 639 note
League of Nations, 9, 321, 394, 586, 624, 627, 632, 642, 646, 769
League of Nations, Ten Years of World Co-operation, 633
Learning (effort required in), 758
Lebreton (printer), 765
Lefebure, Victor (Scientific Disarmament), 618, 637
Legations (permanent), 603
Leisure, 683, 686
Lenin, 180 181, 589 590, 731
Leningrad (author at), 589
Lenoir (gas engine), 106
Leonardo da Vinci, 80, 106
Lethaby, Professor (quoted), 504
Leupp, 430
Levenstein, Dr. Herbert ("But an Apprentice, etc."), 110, note
Lewinsohn, Richard (Zaharoff, etc.), 422, 612
Lewisite, 611
Leys, Dr. Norman (Kenya), 672
Leopold II, King of Belgium, 268 278
Liberalism, 313 314
Lighthouses and lightships, 213
Lighting, 209, 687
Lilienthal, 133
Limited liability, 385
Limits of supply. 189
"Living standard," the, 369
Lindsay, Judge (juvenile court), 794
Lingua franca, 758
Liverpool and Manchester Railway, 124, 128
Liverpool Overhead Railway, 129
Lloyd, E. M. H. (Stabilization), 25, 397
Lloyd George, Right Hon. David, 614
Local Government officials. 583
Locarno, 645
Logic, 67, 755, 759
Lombroso (L'Uomo Delinquente), 783
London Institute of Industrial Psychology, 794
London School of Economics, 24, 392, 581 note, 582, 676, 738
London Stock Exchange (Rothschild and), 424
Lorentz, Dr., 637
Lotteries, 702
Lowenstein, Alfred, 468
Lowie (Primitive Society), 316
Lubin, David, 134, 372, 641, 648, 769
Lucretius, 70
Lugard, Lord (Dual Mandate), 670
Lunatic asylums, 790
Luther (a priest), 310
Lyceum (Athens), 764
Lynching, 669, 810
Lynkeus (Joseph Popper), 626
Lyons, Sir Henry, 23
MACAULAY, Lord, 581
MacBride, Professor, 663
MacDonald, Mr. Ramsay, 411
Macedonia, 624
Machinery (American in Russia), 182
Machinists' Union and Baltimore Railway, 243
McKenna, 397
Mackenzie, Compton (Extremes Meet, etc.), 620
McKinley, President (assassination of), 821
Macmillan Committee and Report, 407 note, 578
Magnall's Historical Questions, Mrs., 74
Mail order selling, 225
Making of Index Numbers, The (Fisher), 349 note
Malinowski, Dr., 316, 674 676
Malinowsky, Professor, 25
Malthus (Essay on Population), 664
Mammals (educability of), 715
Man, mankind ("an energetic creature"), 686; governments of, 565; unification of, 565
Man and His Universe (Davies), 74 note
Man of Property (Galsworthy), 328
Manchester (new buildings in), 207
Manchester Guardian (quoted), 508
Manchester Ship Canal, 135 136
Manhattan Railway, 444
Manicure and pedicure, 199
Mansbridge, Albert (Working Class Education), 751
Marconi, 148
Margarine, 91 92, 169
Margueritte, Victor (Ton Corps est a Toi), 661
Mark (flight from the), 407
Marriage (by capture), 43
Martin, Mr. Kingsley, 25
Martin (Gould's partner), 444
Marx, Marxism, 21, 184, 300, 310, 314, 485, 492, 518, 731, 752
Maskelyne and Cooke, 703
Mass, the, 684
Mass distribution, 227
Mass production, 115. 168, 233, 464, 503
Materials: artificial, 205; modern, 86
Maternity (in Russia), 560
Mathematics, 69, 750, 759
Matrimonial relations (contemporary literature on), 544
Maugham, Somerset (Ashenden), 620
Maudslay, 115
Maxim, Hiram, 614
Maxton, Mr. (M.P.), 572
Maxwell, Clerk, 147
May games, 687
May Economy Committee, 406, 408
May, Sir Erskine (Law, Privileges, etc.), 566 note
May, Sir George, 406
Maya, 31. 47, 59
Meaning of Rationalization, The (Urwick), 279
Mecca and Jerusalem (pilgrimages), 690
Mechanical revolution, 238, 756
Medicine men, 43 44
Mediterranean, 41, 62
Melchett (the late) Lord, 280
Mellon, Mr. (quoted), 390
Men and Women (physical and mental differences), 534
Menace of Colour, The (Gregory), 666 668
Mendel, Abbé, 77, 310
Menlo Park (Edison at), 458
Mental development of man, 325
Mental homes, 790 792
Meppen, 618
Mercenaries, 421
Mesopotamia, 47, 122, 178, 725
Metallurgist ("the first"), 307
Metaphysical Foundations of Modern Science (Burtt), 74 note
Metchnikoff (Nature of Man), 535
Metternich, 423, 4251 426
Meyer, G. (American Fortunes), 415 note
Micro rays, 150, 151
Middle Ages, 50, 63
Middlemen: elimination of, 227 229; in trade and politics, 598
Midland Bank Review (quoted), 407
Midland Railway, 124
Militarism (in schools), 5
Milk and milk products, 38, 92, 167
Mill, John Stuart, 597
Miller, Dr. Oskar von, 22 23, 718
Miller, Philip, 430
Millikan, Dr. 637
Milne, J. S. Wardlaw (The A.B.C. of L.S.D.), 359 note
Ministry of Health, 204
Mithraism, 733
Modern Currency and the Regulation of its Value (Cannan), 345 note
Moderne Kapitalismus (Sombart), 309 note
Moll Flanders (Defoe), 789
Molybdenum, 101, 102
Monarchs: British, 566; European, 646
Monasticism, 730, 734
Money: an artificial thing, 396; an imperfect "counter," 415; and credit, 57; a complex ides, 330; devaluation of, 412; first idea of, 48; importance in economic life, 332, 4151 short term money, 400; primarily a tally," 333; unintelligent thinking about, 486; unsoundness of the money motive, 420, 462
Monetary systems, 52
Money Problem (Kitson), 365 note
Money versus Man (Soddy), 377, 486
Mongols, 580, 622
Monte Carlo, 616, 702
Montgolfier (balloon), 140
Moore, Samuel Taylor (Life of Hetty Green), 416
Moral Equivalent of War, The (James),625
>Moral Physiology (Owen), 660
Morality (restrictions of current). 679
Morel, E. D. (Black Man's Burden, etc.), 269 note, 273
Morgan (American railways), 429
Morgan, J. Pierpont, 817 ff out-of-sequence chapter
Morgan, Professor T. H., 77
Morris dances, 687
Morse, 128, 145
Moseley, Sir Oswald, 572
Mother England (Stopes), 663
Motherhood, 537, 539, 543 (endowment of)
Motherhood (Sanger), 663
Motives: crude assumptions about, 300; in modern community, 334; Secondary, 679
Motor versus steam (for ships), 133
Mountaineering, 689
Mulatto (Professor Gregory on the), 667
Multiple shops, 220
Murray, Mr. E. W., 23
Murray, Professor Gilbert, 637, 638
Museums, 154; Alexandria, 70, 764-769; of Comparative Religion, 749; of Education, 741; Of the future, 121; Home Office, 21: Human Education, 720; Moscow, 729; Munich (Deutsches Museum), 17, 21 22, 168; Religion, 729; school, 760; South Kensington, 20, 23, 86, 168, 231
Mushet, R., 102
Music and singing (in schools), 758
Musicians, 704
Mussolini (the "uncrowned king"), 586
Mustard gas, 611
My Friend Mr. Edison (Ford), 455 note
Myers, Dr. C. S., 23, 250 and note
Mystery (of "being"), 73
Mythology, 30, 38, 59, 61
NAPOLEON1C war, 284, 384, 606
Narkus, Siegfried, 139
Nations of the world, 188, 565
National Government (August, 1931)1 409. 411. 578
National Institute of Industrial Psychology (London), 23, 250
Nationalism, 605, 633, 643, 658
Native Land and Labour Bills (South Africa), 671
Native Policy: Afrikander, 671; Ashanti, 673; Gold Coast, 672; Jamaica, 672; Nigeria, 673; Nubia, 672; South Africa (Malinowski on), 675
Natural History (Pliny), 764
"Natural man," the, 784
Natural resources (exploitation of), 665
Nature, 654. 773
Nature of Man (Metchnikoff), 535
Nazis (Hitlerites), 407
Neanderthal man, 34, 37
Negro in the New World (Johnson), 667
Neilson (hot blast), 99
Neo Malthusianism, 660
Neon tubes, 211
Nevinson, Mr. H. W., 25
New Atlantis (Bacon), 81
New Economic Policy ("N.E.P."), 181
New Orleans Industrial Canal, 136
New rich (exhibitionism of the), 489
New York Central Railway, 435, 442
New York and Harlem Railway, 435
New York and Hudson River Railway, 435
New York Electric Railway, 130
New York Stock Exchange, 394
New Zealand (land cultivation), 187
Newspapers, 153 157, 658, 703
Newton, Sir Isaac, 367
Nigeria, 673, 675
Nitrogen (guano), 163
Nobility (cheapened to day), 309
Nomad (persona of the typical), 307
Nominalism and Realism, 63 69, 754
Nordenfelt and Maxim guns, 613
Northern Territory (of Australia), 675
Northcliffe, Lord (quoted), 155
Northmen, the, 49
Novels, 687, 703, 707, 775
Nubia, 672
OERSTED,144
Official Aptitude, etc. (Bentham), 581
Ogburn, Professor W. F., 654
Oil (Rockefeller and), 445
Old Savage in the New Civilization (Fosdick), 177, 188
Oldham, J. H. (White and Black in Africa), 672
Olivier, Sydney (Lord Olivier), 24, 582, 667, 669, 671 and note
Olympic games, 690 692
One and the many, the (Greek discussion), 63 64
"Open Conspiracy," 776
"Open Diplomacy," 632
Ordre Co-opératif, L' (Lavergne), 283 note, 287
Organization (of work), 235
Origin, Structure and Working of the League of Nations, The (Ellis), 633
Ornamentation (personal), 550
Ornstein, M. (Scientific Societies), 80
Osborne, Thomas Mott, 793
Ostrogorski, 24
"Otto" (gas engine), 106
Outline of History, 9, 13, 15, 50, 52, 57, 60, 62, 122, 131, 153, 307, 602, 632, 634, 763, 764, 776
Over production (and want: paradox of), 498, 759
Owen, Dale (Moral Physiology), 660
Owen, Robert, 221, 284
Ownership, 322, 381
PACIFIC Telegraph Company (Edison), 457
Pacificism (active and passive), 627
Pacifist literature, 621
Paddle steamships, 148
Pailthorpe, Dr. (What We Put in Prison), 782 note
Painlevé, M., 637, 638
Paint (personal adornment), 198 200
Pan American Peace Plans (C. E. Hughes), 646 note
Pan Europa (Kalergi), 645
Panama, 135 136, 433
Paracelsus, 75
Paredes, Dr., 266
Parfelt, Mr., 25
Paris Bon Marché (profit sharing), 244
Parliament (Mr. Leif Jones), 24
Parliament (History, Constitution and Practice), (Ilbert), 584 note
"Parliamentary Government and the Economic Problem" (Churchill), 577
Parliamentary Procedure (in England), 571 577
Parliamentary Reform (proposals for), 596, 597
Parsons, Sir Charles (turbine), 106, 113
Partlow, Captain Leo L., 668
Party politics and organizations (U.S.A.), 586. 587, 588
Party system, the, 566
Pascal, 80
Passfield, Lord (see Webb, Sidney)
Passports, and permit system, 607
Passy, Frédérick, 643
Pasteur, 82, 90 (Institute)
Patent rights, 319
Paterson, Mr. Alexander, 793
Patriotism: assertive and aggressive,606; "insane obsessions of," 650; Polish (Malinowski), 676; politicians and, 595
Paul, Dr., 468
Paul, Eden and Cedar, 627
Pax Mundi, 122, 632, 650, 689
Peabody and Co., 818
Peasant: his "persona," 300; majority of mankind, 684; basis of old order, 176; passing of the, 179; relapse towards peasantdom (e.g. Esthonia), 186
Pekin (ape man of), 32
Pensions, 502
Pennsylvania Railway (Rockefeller and), 450
Pepys, 210
Permanent official, the, 311, 579, 585, 596
Persian roads, 122
"Persona" ("a man's guiding and satisfying idea of himself" Jung see pp. 298, 715): Of the adult, 711); of the artist, 709; effect on conduct, 297; Of the criminal, 791; Of the educated, 309; Of the entertainer, 704; to be established at school, 759; the military, 621, 623, 717; Of the normal human, 756; of the physician, 312; Of the priest, 309, 732; of the public services, 717
Personal service, 338
Personalty (i.e., absolute property), 319
Peru, 47, 163
Peruvian Amazon Company, 263
Pestilence (pre Reformation), 687
Petroleum, 93, 94, 210
Petronius (quoted), 202, 691
Philips, Professor Alison (quoted), 603
Philosophy, 686
Phonograph (Edison's chief original invention), 456
Phosgene, 611
Phosphorus (scanty supplies of), 653
Phosphorus Convention, 639
Piatiletka, Russia's Five Year Plan (Farbman), 183 note, 505 note
Pigmies, 666
Pilcher (early glider), 139
Pilgrim Trust, the, 484
Pilgrimages, 685, 690, 730
Pinchbeck (Women Workers, etc.), 254 note
Pithecanthropus, 32
Place, Francis, 660
Planned development (in human affairs), 61 62
Plantation system, 667, 673
Plato, 60, 61, 63, 67, 7251 754
Play: of animals, 684; a definition of, 708
Plebs League, the, 752
Pleistocene period, the, 30
Pliny (Natural History), 764
Plutocracy (increased social confidence of), 309
Poetry, 707
Poffenberger, A. T., 223
Poisson, E. (The Co operative Republic), 283 note
Police, 213, 214, 621, 625
Polite Conversation (Swift), 687
Political delusions, 759
Political organizations, 565
Politics (Aristotle), 589
Pollak Foundation (U.S.A.), 502 and note
Pompeii and Pæstum, 86
Poor, the, 493; law (Elizabethan), 495;relief, 246, 252
Pope, Edison and Co., 458
Popper, Joseph (Lynkeus) (Universal Civil Service, etc.), 626
Population: increase, 653; restriction a necessity, 678; of world, 1, 161
Post graduate studies, 769
Postal Convention (Berne), 157
Postal Union, 157, 642, 646
Poultry (and electric light), 167
Poverty: not confined to Homo sapiens, 494; Russia, 508
Power: conquest and sources of, 104; high temperature not necessary, 111; machinery and leisure, 686; points of application, 114; deliberate release of, 70; transmission of, 112
Pratt, Zadoc, 429
Precision of thought (search for), 61
Preservatives (in food), 172
President of U.S.A. (a party man), 586
Press, the: "cheapened," 596; "on the side of mischief," 650; modern, 479: and politicians, 596; and political crises, 595
Priest, the: theoretically guardian of tradition, actually otherwise, 310; consoler, rather than medicine man, 302; sacrificial, 41; often "unproductive," 309
Priesthood: conservatism of, 580; essence of, 312; tradition of, 311; learning of, 78, 310
Priestley (riots), 215
Priestman (oil engine), 106
Primitive Society, (Lowie), 316
Principé (labour conditions), 672
Prisons, 789, 794
Privat, Maurice (La Vie et la Morte d'Alfred Lowenstein), 469 470
Private member (in House of Commons), 574
Problem of the Twentieth Century, The (Davies), 624 note
Procter and Gamble, Messrs. (Survey Graphic), 247
Production for profit, 500; for service, 506
Professionalism (essence of), 312
Profit sharing, 243
Prohibition, 559
Proletariat, 303, 313, 515, 732
Property: idea of, 315; "infantile treatment of," 486; scientific conception of, 325, 327
Proportional representation, 597 600
Prostitutes, 536, 544, 705
Protection of native races, 670 672
Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (Weber), 687, 736
Proudhon, P. J., 326
Providentialism (and birth control), 662
Public loans, 386
Public schools, 697, 736
Public Trustee (sets a standard for solicitors), 324
Publicity, 156
Puffing Billy, 86
Punctuality of trains ("extraordinary"). 128
Putumayo, 23, 25, 95, 261, 267, 670, 768
Putumayo, The Devil's Paradise (Hardenburg), 266
Psychology, 29. 297, 300
Psychology of Advertising (Scott), 223
Psychoanalysis, 30
QUAKERISM, 728
Queensland, 675
Quest of Power, The (Vowles), 105 note
Quotidiens illustrés, 615
Race as a Political Factor (Gregory), 666
Races and Cultures (impact of), 664
Racial barriers (to disappear?), 669
Racial exclusion, 675
Railways: development, 122, 131; for heavy traffic, 428; holidays, 688; Liverpool and Manchester (1830); steamships and, 122; travel, amenities of, 128; Rockefeller, 450; Stockton and Darlington (1825), 98; Vanderbilt, 434; wagons, 129
Raleigh (and the potato), 173
Rathenau, Walther, 280
Rationalization, 279, 315, 449, 503. 584
Rayleigh, Lord, 163
Rayon (artificial silk), go
Reading (increase of), 688
Readjustment or revolution? 512
Real Property (i.e. land), 319
Realism and Nominalism, 63 69, 279, 754
Reality ("unfathomable"), 73
Reasoning (dawn of exact), 48
Réaumur (artificial silk), 89
Rebuilding: steel frameworks, 206; of the world, 205
Recalcitrant, the, 782
Records (athletic), 697 698
Recreation (see under leisure)
Red Bread (Hindus), 505 note
Red Cross, 640, 646, 648
Red Rubber (Morel), 270, 271, 272
Redfern, Mr. Percy (The Consumer's Place in Society), 25, 283 note, 287, 288
"Rediscovery of the Unique" (Fortnightly Review), 76 note
Reformation: mental releases of the, 489; novels, plays, follow, 686; and universities, 310, 736
Reinhart, 703
Reis, Philipp (telephone), 456
Religion: and ceremony, 41; theory of "compensations," 302; and education,723; intolerance, 71; local gods, 57; primitive, 41, 45; in Roman Empire, 49; and science, 71; its social significance, 723; universal, 57
Renard and Krebs, 140
Renascence, 6, 80, 154, 754
Rennie, 82 (F.R.S.)
Rents (exaggerated), 473
Reparations (German), 406 407, 642
Reporting, 154
Representative government, 51
Representative Government (Finer), 591 note
Repudiation (of reparation payments in Germany), 407; Hitlerites (Nazis)
Research, organization of modern, 77, 84, 250
Reserves, native, 671
Resins (synthetic), 93
Rest Days (Webster), 685
Restaurants ("collective feeding", 174
Retour du Tchad, Le (Gide), 276
Revolution or Readjustment? 512
"Rex," the (Darling), 367
Rhondda, Lady, 24
Rich: the contemporary, 472; the new, 489; traditional antagonism between rich and poor, 415; Russia's attempt to abolish both, 505; alleged social advantages of a rich class, 480
Ridgway, Mr. Robert H., 346
Rise of Modern Industry, The (Hammond), 239
"Rising Tide of Colour," the, 658-659
Rivers, Dr. (Instinct and the Unconscious), 316, 609
Road to Plenty, The (Foster and Catchings), 502
Roads: competition with railways, 128; macadamized, 138; range of automobile limited, 143; remaking of, 503; transport, 128
Robinson (history), 10
Rocco, M., 638
Rochdale Co operative Society, 285
Rock paintings, 37. 40
Rockefeller, J. D., 82, 445, 482, 817
Rocket, the (locomotive), 86, 123, 126
Role of the Scientific Societies of the XVIIth Century (Ornstein), 80
Rome: the city, 214; citizenship, 49; foodstuffs imported, 177; brief Imperial system, 50; overseas trade, 123; trading stations in India, 219
Roman Catholics: and birth control, 661; and B.B.C., 749; "least faded" of Christian bodies, 729; mind dominating, 313; and sterilization of the defective, 661
Roosevelt, President, 136, 817, 821
Roscellin, 66
Rostovtzeff, M. (History of the Roman Empire), 50
Rothschild family, the, 421, 818; Carl, 425; James, 422, 425; Meyer Anselm, 421; Meyer Anselm 11, 425; Nathan Meyer, 422, 468; Solomon, 425
Rousseauism, 184
Rowntree (cocoa), 673
Royal College of Science, 75
Royal Dutch Shell group, 426
Royal Institution (London), 82
Royal Military Academy (Woolwich), 692
Royal Society (London), 80, 772
Royalty, 4731 480
Royalties (on coal, etc.),473; grants for inventors, etc., 483
Rubber, 86, 95, 261, 278, 459, 694
Ruffini, M., 638
Ruin (in midst of potential plenty), 402
Rural depopulation, 166
Ruskin, John (Unto this Last), 484
Russell, T. (Commercial Advertising), 223
Russia: credit boycott of, 371; economic blockade of, 181; economic experiments, 184; famine (1920 1), 181; Five Year Plan, 182; future of, 180; various personal impressions of,25; pre revolutionary, 767; tramps in pre revolutionary, 670 [should be 690]; wheat, 405
Rutland and Washington Railway, 430
SABBATH, 440, 685, 688
Saint Simon, 284
St. Lawrence canal, 135, 136
Salesmanship, 221
Salter, Sir Arthur (A Scheme for an Economic Advisory Council in India, 1931), 25, 134, 371, 591 note
Salvage (industry of), 215
"Sambos" (Jamaica), 667
San Thomé and Principé, 672, 673
Sanderson (of Oundle), 768
Sanger, Lord George, 703
Sanger, Mrs. Margaret (Motherhood), 656, 660, 663
Sanitation, 201. 215
Sault Sainte Marie, 137
Savage (education of the), 716
Scheme for an Economic Advisory Council in India (Salter), 591 note
Scenery (defilement of), 216
Schmalz, C. N. (quoted), 227
Schooling (of the modern state), the, 756
Schoolmaster ("the new, helpful"), 756
Schoolmen (too little appreciated today), 64
Schools: neglect of cinema, 157; continuation, 761; old traditions of, 650; preparatory, 760
Schuster, Sir Felix (quoted). 397
Science and the Art of Architecture, The (Duncan), 206
Science: "casts a shadow" (e.g. adulteration), 170; dawn of experimental, 6; has no "dogmas," 76; does not "explain," 76; methods of, 76; a practical thing, 77; primitive, 41; and religion, 71; "unexpectedness" of, 680
Science of Life, 12, 13, 61, 77, 175, 189, 190. 298, 344, 649, 653, 656, 669, 678, 684, 715, 776
Science of Work and Wealth ("that non existent"), 87, 96, 106, 121, 124. 138, 158, 173, 193, 216, 235, 236, 242, 323, 374, 493, 496, 774
Scientific enquiry and experiment. 686; knowledge ("the assurance and strength of"), 582; management (of factories, etc.), 248, 251; method, 67; movement (support of the rich), 481; research, 454; work (social and economic basis of), 77; worker (the modern), 311
Scientific Disarmament (Lefebure), 618, 637
Scientific Solution of the Money Question (Kitson), 365 note
Scott, Professor Dell (Psychology of Advertising), 223
Scott, Professor J. T. (quoted), 371
Screw propeller, 132
Season, the London, 474
Sebatier and Senderens, 92
Second Ballot, the, 599
Secret Service work, 619
Secretariat (League of Nations), 633, 636
Secretaries, 338
Segrave, Sir Henry, 698
Self abnegation (characteristic of educated persona), 311
Self determination (Japan), 676
Self and Society (C.W.S.), 283 note
Sellers, 115
Senderens (see under Sebatier)
Service flats, 202
Service mentality, 621
Settlement (beginnings of), 36
Sevastopoulo, 612
Severn bridge, 98
Sexes (relation of), 523
Sexual dissipation, 686
Shakespeare, 311
Shaw, G. Bernard, 2, 216, 312, 350, 484 485
Sherman Anti Trust Act (1890), 822
Shipping (modernization of), 131
Shop assistants, 221, 533
Shop stewards, 242
Shopping: old and new, 219; women and, 548
Sicily, 177
Siemens, 129, 162
Signalling (smoke), 14 1
Silberstein, L. (Theory of Relativity), 75 note
Silicon (silico tungsten steel), 101
Silver (as standard of value), 366
Similarity (confused with identity), 65
Simon, Lady, 260, 262 note, 337
Simons, Mr. Eric, 24
Simplification (a Western tendency), 763
Sinanthropus, 32, 53
Sing Sing, 793
Skilled Labourer (Hammond), 239
Skouloudis, M., 612, 613
Skyscrapers, 208
Slates and tiles, 207
Slav temperament, 181
Slavery, 52 53, 260 261, 673
Slavery (Lady Simon), 260, 262 note
Saves: first appearance of, 46; Roman use of gangs, 49; San Thomé and Principé, 672, 674
Sleeping partners (Ford's dislike of), 462
Smart, Alec, 553, 800 804
Smeaton, 82 (F.R.S.)
Smith, Gould and Martin, 431
Smith, J. A. Howden (Commodore Vanderbilt), 433
Smith, William, 123
Smithsonian Institute (Washington), 82
Smuggling, 607
Smuts, General (Africa and some World Problems), 672
Snowden, Philip (Viscount Snowden) (warns England, February, 1931), 406
Soap, 91
Sociability (child's acquirement of), 758
Social conflict, 44; motive, 486, 777; neuters, 533; origins, 30; psychology, 219; revolution, 285. 287 288; warfare (pre Reformation), 687
Social and Economic History of the Roman Empire, The (Rostovtzeff), 50
Socialism, Socialists, idea of (universal education for service). 323; literature. 386; views on property, 326; the word from Robert Owen, 284
"Society for the Suppression of Vice," 660
Socrates, 725. 755
Soddy, Professor (Money versus Man), 25, 377, 487 492, 516
Solar energy (as motive power), 111
Soldier (the modern professional), 3111 623
Sombart (Moderne Kapitalismus), 309 note
Some Economic Factors in Modern Life (Stamp), 474, 504
South Africa, Union of (racial exclusion), 625
South Sea Bubble, 384
South Kensington Museum, 17, 20, 22, 86, 168, 234
Souvenirs de Solferino (Dunant), 641
Sovereign states (over seventy), 565
Soviet Five Year Plan, The (Knickerbocker), 505, note
Soviet Russia, 236, 242, 501; "abolish rich and poor," 505; diplomatic representatives, 605; double faced, 183; nearly all "facts" disputed, 559; "if it succeeds?" 515; inflation, the great experiment of, 485; man made, man ruled, i.e. no woman, 560; mass meetings, 589; prime producer, distributor, 348; repudiation of external debts, 358; "some thing splendid and hopeful," 507; the Terror (13 years), 590; an ultra modern ideology, 505
Sovkhozy, 183, 187
Space and time (essential reality questioned), 72
Sparkes, Boyden (Life of Hetty Green), 416, 418
"Speaker, Mr.," 572
Specialization (in the school), 761
Speech, 32, 36, 47, 59
Spencer, Herbert (individualism), 327
Spirit and Face of Bolshevism (Fulöp Miller). 732
Spirit of Chemistry (Findlay), 74 note
"Spiritualization" of religion, 727
Sport (the world of), 478, 690
Sporting element in war, insurrection and many murders, 699
Spying and spy hunting, 619
Stabilization (Lloyd), 397
Stadia, 692
Stalin, 181, 509, 560, 590
Stalin (Levine), 511 note
Stalingrad ("Ford out Forded"), 508 509
Stamp, Sir Josiah, 25, 528; "Pilgrim Trust," 484; Some Economic Factors in Modern Life, 474, 504
Standard Oil Company, 446, 451, 452, 821
Standard Oil Company, History of the (Tarbell), 449
Stanley (Congo), 267, 269
Stapledon, Olaf (First and Last Men), 810
Starvation (China, India, Russia), 495
State as landlord, the, 188
Statistical bureaux, 770
Statistics, 188, 247, 372, 526, 648, 655, 730, 741
Statisticians, 349, 390, 480, 762, 769
Steam ("the new slave"), 53
Steamboats. 432
Steam engines, 123
Steel: austenite nickel chrome, 102; "blister," 97; cast, 97; cheapness of, 207; frameworks in building. 205; "shear," 97; stainless, 100, 103
Stellite, 102
Stephenson, George, 123, 124, 454, 778
Sterilization: compulsory, 663; Professor MacBride on, 663; of the unfit,498, 677 680; in U.S.A., 678; Roman Catholics on, 661
Stock and share market, 387
Stock Exchange, 95, 427
Stockton and Darlington Railway, 778
Stollwerck (German chocolate), 673
Stonehenge, 476
Stopes, Dr. Marie (Mother England), 660, 661, 663
Story of Dartmoor (Thomson), 788 [Sir Basil Thomson on prisons & monastic influence on punishment]
Strikes, 240, 254, 297
Strong, E. K., 223
Substances (used by earliest man), 85
"Substitution" (i.e. adulteration), 170
Suez Canal, 135, 136
Sumeria, Sumerian, 47, 78, 198, 718
Sun worship, 41
Superphosphates, 162
Superstitions, 774
Supply and demand (influence of the new rich upon), 473
Surgery, 175
Surveys (aerial), 132
Survey Graphic (Procter and Gamble), 247
Susta, M., 638
Sweden (warming the soil), 167
Swift (Polite Conversations), 687
Swiss Guard, the, 623
Switzerland (co operative societies), 229
Sykes, Sir Mark, 624
Symbols (in education), 716
Symington (steamboat), 131
Symmetallism, 370
"Syndicate" (first use of word in finance), 819
TABOOS, 43, 317
Tagore, Rabindranath (quoted), 718
Tally (money primarily a), 331
Tammany (bosses), 441
Tanakadate, M., 637
Tanks (in warfare}, 611
Tariff: reform, 744; the modern system, 606; walls, 189, 859; war, 412
Tarbell, Ida (History of the Standard Oil Company), 449
Tattooing, 38
Tawney (Acquisitive Society), 315 note
Taxation, 332. 671
Taylor and White, 102
Taylor, Frederick Winslow, 248, 250, 251
Teamwork (in scientific research), 77
Technical experts, 311
Technical High School (Ohio), 750
Telegraphy, 128, 144, 147
Telephony, 146, 149, 455
Telescopy, 215
Television, 152
Temples, 41, 46, 310
Ten Thousand a Year (Warren), 688
Ten Years of World Co operation, 637
Tennis (in castle moat), 691
Terminology (no patent rights in), 77
Territory (disputed areas of), 665
Terror, the (in Russia), 590
Tette Kwesi (introduced cacao to Gold Coast), 672
Theatres, 479, 687, 705
"Theological colleges" (i.e. Labour Colleges), 752
Theory and Practice of Modern Government (Finer), 584 note
Theory of Relativity (Silberstein), 76 note
Thinking: children, 58; dangers of, 755; evolution of, 57; good and bad habits of, 756; logical, 59, 61; method of, 60; primitive man, 58; processes of, 755; the undisciplined confusions of modern," 756
This Money Maze (Eisler), 412
Thompson, Mrs. W. H. (Joan Beauchamp), 25
Thomson, Sir Basil, 25, 788 781, 800
Thomson, William (Lord Kelvin), 145
Thorium, 234
Three Couriers, The (Compton Mackenzie), 620
Tidal force, 111
"Time lag" (in England), 560
Times, The, 410
Tobacco, 175, 219. 223
Toil: definition of, 104 105; enslavement to, 329; not "natural" to man, 685; "entangled in the net of unavoidable world," 684
Tolerance, 314
Tolstoi, 182
Ton Corps est à Toi (Margueritte), 661
Tootall, Broadhurst, Lee and Co., 258
Torture, 788
Tourists, 689
Town Labourer, The (Hammond), 239, 253 note
Town planning, 138, 203, 204, 208
Townsman (the normal: "a transplanted peasant"), 302
Tract on Monetary Reform, A (Keynes), 365 note
Trade and trading classes, 2, 48, 52
Trade unions, 239, 254, 591
Tradition, 36, 45, 61, 491, 566, 760
Traditionalism (peasant the type of localised), 177
Tramps (in pre-revolutionary Russia), 690
Transitory character of present day methods and institutions, 236
Transmission of fact, 143
Transport, 134, 203, 428, 4491 503, 602
Travel: "the crowning graduation," 736; for pleasure (an important industry), 690; "to see and learn," 686
Travel Bureau, the, 689
Travels in the Congo (Gide), 276, 277 note
Treatise on Money, A (Keynes), 365 note, 397 note
Trevelyan, Sir Charles, 581
Tribe, the, 46
Trieste, 624
Trotsky, 181
Trusts (popular campaigns against), 452
Truth (ultimately inconceivable, science never expects to reach), 73, 76
Tungsten, 101, 102, 103, 211
Tunnels, 125 126
Turf, the, 978
Turbine, 106, 113, 133
Turk Sib, 182
Turkey (autonomy), 676
Twain, Mark, 703
Tweed and Sweeney (Tammany bosses), 441
Tyre and Sidon, 48
UGANDA (Malinowski on), 675
Ultimate truths, 72
Ultra violet light (for seed crops). 167
Underclothing (the world's), 195
Unemployed: rich (consuming), poor (penniless), 497
Unemployment: (244:) degenerating effects of, 246; League of Nations, 394
U.S.A: ascendency of sport, 695; co operative societies, 229; cultivation of land, 187; diplomatic representatives, 605; racial exclusion, 675
United States of Europe, 645, 646
United Pipe Lines, 451
United States Steel Corporation, 468, 821
Universal Civil Service, etc. (Popper), 627
Universities, 733; aerodynamics (chair of, at Paris), 615; American ("athletic training centres"), 695; arts course ("merely a wasteful prolongation of puerility"), 761; neglect of the cinema, 157; extension, 751; Honolulu; 668; Illinois, 692; London, 738; and modern science, 83; monastic until Reformation, 310; Ohio, 692; Paris, 615; Pittsburg, 741; religious tests, 736; revival of, 691; present day, 754; Reformation, 736; social prestige of, 696; Salerno, 734; Stanford, 742; On Side of tradition, 80; Yale, 692
Universities, American, English and German (Flexner), 83
Unto this Last (Ruskin), 484
Uomo Delinquente, L' (Lombroso), 783
Urea, 93, 164
Urwick, Mr. (The Meaning of Rationalization), 279
Usury, 48, 332, 3731 421
Utopia (an equalitarian: "the purest fancy at present"), 486
Utopianism (of Plato), 61
VACATIONS (educational), 762
Valets, 338
Value (standards of: e.g. cattle, land, metals), 343
Van Eetvelde, Edmund, 270
Van Loon, 10
Vanadium, 101, 103
Vanderbilt, Cornelius, 428, 819
Vattel (cited), 604
Vegetarian dietary (beginnings of), 44
Vendibility, 331
Venizelos, 614
Versailles: Conference, 353; Peace of (aeroplanes), 141
Vice (industrialization of), 620
Vickers, 615
Vickers Armstrong, 619
Victoria, Queen (reactionary), 779
Vie et la Morte d'Alfred Lowenstein, La (Privat), 469 note
"Vocational associations" (Finer's phrase: i.e. trade unions, chambers of commerce, etc.), 591
Volta, 144, 215
Voltaire, 220, 788
Voting, 14, 573 (machine in Texas)
Vowles, H. P. and M. W. (The Quest of Power), 105 note
Voyage au Congo (Gide), 276
Vulcanization (of rubber), 95
WAGNER, 703
Waldstein, Sir Charles (United States of Europe), 646
Walker, Professor Miles, F.R.S., 25, 504
Walking, 688 (i.e. "going for a walk")
Wallas, Graham (quoted), 24, 587 588
War: causes leading to, 596; debts, 402, 411; frontiers, a danger, 565; futility of, 602; loans, 357, 386; mechanization of, 611; preparation for (defensive and offensive), 631; an industry, 607
Ward, Mrs. Humphry (novels), 570
Warfare (economic and military), 565
Warren, Samuel (Ten Thousand a Year), 688
Warrington, 164
Warshow, Robert Irving (biography of Jay Gould), 429
Washington (Assembly and Senate), 585
Washington (Bureau of the Census of Manufacturers), 197, 200
Waste: concentrated wealth, apt towards, 500; by rich people, 481; of money ("impotent subscriptions"), 483; the trade in, 215
Water power, 100, 105, 109-110
Wauters (L'Etat Independent du Congo), 269 note
Watt, James, 86, 106, 115, 131
Way of All Flesh, The (Butler), 544
Wealth: aggregation of, 292; not the cause of poverty, 485; by consumption (new U.S.A. gospel), 403; sound ideas about, 13
Wealth, Virtual Wealth and Debt (Soddy), 457
Webb, Beatrice and Sidney, 239, 241, 283 note
Webb, Beatrice (Mrs. Sidney), 577 579
Webb, Sidney (Lord Passfield), 582
Weber, Max (Protestant Ethic, etc.), 687, 736
Webster, Captain, 692
Webster, Hutton (Rest Days), 685
Welland canal, 137
Wells, Frank, 24
Wells, G. P., 12
Wells, Mrs. G. P., 24
Welsbach, Auer von, 211
Welwyn Garden City, 204; rubbish dump at, 216
Westinghouse Company (Ford and), 461
Westinghouse Electric Manufacturers, 250
Westphalia, 632; Peace of, 603; Treaty of, 345, 604
Whales and whaling, 91, 306
What the League of Nations Is (Harris), 633
What We Put an Prison (Pailthorpe), 782 note
Wheatstone, 128, 144
White, Mrs. G. R. Blanco, 22, 25
White and Black in Africa (Oldham), 672
White Australia, 675
White slave trade, the, 545, 620
Whitehead, Professor, 76, 280
Whitsun ales, 687
Whitworth, 115
Wilkinson (ironfounder), 86, 98
Will, the (its organization), 297 299
William of Ockham, 66
Wilson, President, 632, 633, 641
Wilson, Sir Wemyss Grant, 793
Wine, 169
Winkler, J. Kennedy (Life of J. Pierpont Morgan, 1931), 817
Winter sports, 689
Winogradsky, 164
Wireless, 103, 147 153, 570
Wittels, Fritz (An End to Poverty), 627
Wolseley Tool and Motor Co., 615
Women: the relative "barbarism" of (encumbers progress), 492; clubs, 556; competitor with man, 525; despecialization of, 557; enfranchisement of, 557; educability of, 553; in factory life, 559; post war, 561; institutes (relief from boredom), 556; as judge of effort, 552; middle aged, 553 554; in politics, 559; relatively uneducated, 549; "a social mortar," 561; and team work, 561; in Russia, 559 (pre war illiteracy: cf, p. 561 for post war); as worker, 525; and see "British Sex Disqualification (Removal) Act" (of 1919), 557
Women Workers and the Industrial Revolution, 254 note
Woolf, L. S. (International Government), 647 note
Woolworth stores, 221
Worcester, Marquis of (Century of Inventions), 123
Words (in education), 716
Work: beginnings of, 44; "breaking other men in to," 44; definition of, 42; a habit, not an instinct, 44: sound ideas about, 13
Workers' Educational Association, 751
Works Council, the (Guillebrand), 243
World depression of 1929 31, 393
World Encyclopædia (need of), 649, 769 776
World Pax, 122, 632, 650, 689
World populations, 188, 193, 659 (percentages of colours)
World unity, idea of, 57
World War (its lessons), 3
World Year Books, 649
World of William Clissold, The, 223
Wrecking of a Scientific Age, The (Soddy), 487
Wren, Sir Christopher, 204
Wright, Whitaker (London and Globe Company), 471
Wright, Wilbur and Orville, 139
Writing, 47, 763
Wycliffe (a priest), 310
YEAR (discovery of the), 39 40
Yerkes, 316
Yoshiwara, the, 547
Young Delinquent (Burt), 784, 795
Yung Lo (collection), 763
ZAHAROFF, Sir Basil, 612, 776 (anti-Zaharoffs)
Zaharoff l'Europeen Mystérieux (Lewinsohn), 415 note
Zedler (Universal Lexicon), 764
Zeiss works (Jena), 244
Zeppelin, Count, 140
Ziegfeld, Mr., 703
Zinovieff, 181, 589
Zoology (beginnings of experimental), 38 39
Zorin, 589
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