Richard Milton: The Facts of Life—Shattering the Myths of Evolution [1992]

I've had a copy of this book since the late 1990s, and met the author (and pointed out the spelling of 'coelacanth' was wrong). At the time, this book had translations it Italy, Greece, and Japan, but had not been published in the USA. Richard Milton rewrote it for publication in the USA in 1997. It may have been retitled 'Shattering the Myths of Darwinism' to appeal to anti-evolutionists there.

      He said his technique was "the fly-paper technique", looking round and making notes. I think he'd agree this isn't a method of inventing new ideas against Darwin. But it can rediscover forgotten arguments. A lecture by Milton was described to me as "one non-sequitur after another".
      I've included a bibliography of his sources, about 160 of them. A few are from 'creation science', some from mainly crank sources like Velikovsky, and many from scientific magazines—Scientific American and New Scientist—which are compromised by their ownerships.

      Criticism from today's viewpoint: I don't think the molecular methods by which genes work are fully known; they must affect inheritance, but of course can't be in Milton's book. Also biochemistry itself has problems, as I've done my best to showcase in Harold Hillman's work. This means that some anti-Darwin arguments are wrong—as when some of the supposed mechanisms can be shown to not possibly be inherited; but the mistake is in the supposed mechanism, not in Darwin. Another problem is the primacy of Alfred Russel Wallace, which may have left some residual problems. And in 2023 the Jewish issue has to be mentioned, since Jewish leaders give priority to Jewish beliefs, which are often undeclared, and which lead to media presentations favouring Jews. 'AIDS' and 'COVID' are good examples.
      And of course the symbiosis between Christian money and land, and Jewish urban and money-lending and the Kahal system, lead to endless lies, some of which leak into Darwinian science. As an example, White, in History of the Warfare of Science with Theology wrote 'Heroic efforts were therefore made, in the supposed interest of Scripture, to discredit the new learning. Even such a man as Dugald Stewart declared that the discovery of Sanskrit was altogether fraudulent, and endeavoured to prove that the Brahmans had made it up from the vocabulary and grammar of Greek and Latin.'

Several strands of thought:
• [1] Milton opposes the 'random mutation + natural selection' theory, I think because he says the evidence simply isn't there. He doesn't produce a theory of his own. Makes it clear he isn't a creationist, though this perhaps wasn't clear in his early editions, judging by the fact he's added not only a preface but also a Q/A session to explain this.
• [2] Geological dating isn't sound: stratigraphy of sedimentary rocks can't be dated radioactively, and therefore is reliant on volcanic intrusions, which are very rare (and in any case the method isn't at all accurate since neutrons and/or cosmic rays and/or selective dissolving can produce wrong ages). In practice, strata are assumed to be dated e.g. by rates of sedimentation, a method more or less guesswork. The impressive looking table of strata is therefore not reliable as to date. [He doesn't state whether it might be even more faulty in the sense that it may not be even around the world - though he does include evidence of 'catastrophism' in deposits, and says this is necessary, since the very even rates of the tables, averaging about 1/5 mm per year, could never bury any fossil.] Also he says I think that on present day earth, no strata of any sort (except volcanic) are forming, suggesting some sort of intermittency/ catastrophism.
      Milton says some quite interesting things on ageing; e.g. idea that comets can't last as long as people make out, in view of the apparently large amounts of stuff given off when they approach the sun. E.g. Halley's comet breaking up?
• [3] Missing fossils manage to omit EVERY SINGLE link or intermediate stage between species. Using his entry 'gaps..' in the subject index, I collect together his nine (minimum; I've included the eye) examples:
    122-7 horses: no ancestor preceding Eohippus/ gap after Eohippus and proposed descendant Miohippus/ [mostly fragments, with suggestion no intermediate stages and/or that these 'horses' aren't properly known about - e.g.] '.. no mounted skeletons of Eohippus, Archaeohippus, Megahippus, Stylohipparion, Nannipus, Calippus, Onohippidum or Paraphipparian..' [1951 source]
    127-131: Archaeopteryx. After some discussion (starting 1870s with Huxley!) & 1926 & 1973.. looking at breastbone, collar bone, finger structure 'it is completely isolated in the fossil record .. no known direct predecessor and no known direct descendant.'
    223-4: Mammals, human beings. gap between mammals and the rest of animal kingdom - no fossil remains of ancestor of all mammals [from reptiles] 1966 source/ gap between primates and mammals: hypothetical ant-eater, but no fossils. 1974 source./ gap between hypothetical ape-like ancestor and us. RM looks at 'Neanderthal' now classed as Homo sapiens, Cro-Magnon (modern), 'Australopithecus' shown to be a extinct ape by Solly Zuckerman, Zinjanthropus of the Leakeys classified in 1965 as an ape, Homo habilis of Leakeys re-evaluated; some human bits? Johanson and 'Lucy' either Australopithecus ape or Homo, 'hence human'. Dubois and Java Man in passing; 1891 bits dumped from convict workers' diggings from unrecorded site.
    273: No demonstration that the human eye evolved by mutational steps.
    279: start of life itself: 'gap right at the beginning of the.. pre-Cambrian.. mature population of a vast range of creatures..'
    290: 'Missing link' fish, which supposedly had bony skeleton and four fleshy fins to walk on to get onto land; 'the experts agreed they had found their fish'.. 'one of Fleet Street's earliest scientific scoops' but coelacanth then found, in 1938, and in addition to exploding at the surface did not 'walk' on its four fins. [This is chapter 21, the final chapter, I think inserted late; it has no sources]
• [4] Random mutation as the 'driving force' for evolution is unlikely to be right; M says (1) Darwinians overstate mutation rates by illegitimately including fatal mutations and (2) they cheat by including e.g. peppered moth melanism which isn't evolution and (3) though very rare, they would almost always be fatal, like a computer program with an error introduced and (4) if true, there should be all sorts of failed specimens of animal life with bits of leg, wings, eyes in odd places, but these are never found.
• Dawkins' subtle fallacy: [5] Probability of lots of steps 'is as great as leaping to the 100th step in one go' [180] - ''.. the existence of light-sensitive tissue has no effect whatever on the probability of the mutation of a lens.. iris.. or an eyelid or anything else.'
    [Note: 25 March, 97: yesterday evening listened to Dr Chris Knight on the evolution of language; and talking to a biologist realised that 'rate of mutation' probably isn't known at all - you'd need presumably to check the DNA of dam/ sire, and all offspring, right down to the last molecule; and repeat this over sample large enough to show up these presumably rare events. BUT ALSO this would have to be done over time, so the 'change' could be assessed. Moreover if you're looking at suspected mutations in many species at once, the same exercise would have to be repeated..]
• [6] Neo-Darwinism is in effect a religion, and arguments for it are weak: Dawkins' computer models, and modelling airplane wings by 'mutation', are false analogies.
    Milton dislikes the probabilistic models of e.g. Dawkins; he thinks leaping directly to an end, e.g. fully-developed eye, is absurdly improbable, but Milton thinks it's equally improbable to expect all the intermediate steps to evolve in sequence. I think he's probably got this wrong, since he doesn't seem to appreciate the idea of whole chunks of stuff evolving - e.g. the spine plus four limbs.
• [7] Social environment of Darwinism: he states explicitly Darwin and Huxley were racists, with a quotation from Darwin on extermination, & also that Thatcherism is Darwinistic, though people don't like to say so (except in Conservative Clubs etc).
    He has much on uniformitarianism (though without drawing a political parallel). He suggests Velikovsky's ideas in effect were copied later (I think talking of extinctions); it occurs to me that IV may have been influenced by Tunguska in 1908 and perhaps 1920s Soviet Union expedition to look at the site.
    Another aspect is that so-called 'evaporites' ?and salt beds he maintains must have been precipitated rapidly (though he proposes no chemical or physical method).
• [8] Not much on mass extinctions, though chapter 9 'When Worlds Collide' deals with 'a concept closely similar to Velikovsky's' being widely accepted as the cause of the major extinction at the end of the Cretaceous.' 110 ff of the same chapter looks at 'extinctions on a huge scale', vast volumes with bones, - BUT pun on 'extinctions' I think as the examples he gives, though large from the human point of view, don't seem to extinguish actual entire species.
• [9] Interesting collection of arguments in which he considers what might have been, rather than (as everyone is tempted) simply looking at what there is and speculating around it. E.g. his cheetah argument; why should they outrun everything? There's plenty of slow game. Or why not have an eye (say) at the base of the spine? An eye there, though not optimal, would be better than not having one at all. He criticises Darwinians for ambivalence over 'purpose' which is forever creeping in. He thinks Darwinians should steel themselves to face that e.g. elephants and cheetahs and eagles represent perfect adaptation to their niches and won't evolve more.
    This type of argument is used by H Hillman, though not very forcefully. E.g. suppose you say polar bears are white; so the colour has a 'survival function'. Then why aren't all the animals there white? Or, if you see a tiger; it has stripes. So stripes 'have a survival function'. So why aren't all animals striped? His point is their comments are always after the event and never (he says) used for prediction.
    I invented a version of this while talking to R Milton: obviously predators predate better if they're stronger than their prey; so presumably predators should all be stronger than (say) elephants. But they obviously aren't, so people don't say that. And they don't say that e.g. lions should be as fast as cheetahs.

None of this seems quite convincing to me. But it's interesting to tease out fallacies. I assume more recent books have been written, though I doubt they'd be much better. Richard Milton is a good example of a roving author; at the time he was working on a story based on a women's life—he showed me the inside door of a cupboard, with pinned pictures to get him in the mood of writing it. He's written on Anglo-German relations, and on 'forbidden science'; I think he can claim to be an early, not very technical, science revisionist writer.

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