by mooninquirer » 31 Mar 2011 15:49
I believe that plutonium is not only theoretical, but a reality, and it can be used as a fuel in a nuclear reactor. There is a VERY big difference in the level of disclosure in the discussion of plutonium and nuclear reactors, in comparison to nuke bombs, in which the discussion of what goes in on is shrouded in mystery, especially in the discussion of the fusion bomb.
A certain isotope of plutonium, Pu 239, is the most important in discussions of nuclear reactors and supposed nuclear bombs. It is claimed that Pu 239 can fission by absorbing fast neutrons. I do not know if I believe this, but it was already well known that U 235 can ONLY fission by absorbing slow neutrons. Since the fissioning of U 235 only produces on average 2.4 fast neutrons, a chain reaction is not possible in a bomb with U 235, as the Hiroshima bomb was said to be. In a nuclear reactor, a MODERATOR in required to slow down the fast neutrons, so they can be absorbed by other nuclei.
Only U 235 fissions, but when U 238 absorbs a slow neutron, it does not fission, but undergoes two beta decays in which its neutrons release an electron, and thus become a proton. Thus U 238 turns into Pu 239. Pu 239 can be produced in a breeder reactor, and it ALSO a "by-product" of ANY uranium nuclear reactor, since they are said to use a fuel that is a blend of U 235 and U 238. The spent fuel rods ( note --- this is NOT the depleted uranium ), can be REPROCESSED, and the plutonium extracted.
It is very easy to extract plutonium from the spent fuel rods, which have a lot of the fission fragments which is the nuclear waste from the fissioning of U 235. This is because chemical means can be used, since plutonium is a separate chemical.
This in sharp contrast to the extreme difficulty of separating the fissile isotope of uranium, U 235, from raw uranium, which is 99.3 % U 238, and 0.7 % U 235, with tiny traces of other uranium isotopes. This is because the separation can only occur based on the extremely small difference in mass between U 235 and U 238. There are several techniques for doing this, but they involve turning the uranium into uranium hexafluoride, and one technique is to use a high speed centrifuges. The uranium is passed through and through tens of thousands of times before it is enriched, or before the percent of the valuable U 235 is increased beyond its natural level of 0.7 %. The leftover uranium hexafluoride, when converted back to uranium metal, is called DEPLETED URANIUM.
Because depleted uranium has a very high density, it is used in place of lead for armor piercing projectiles. But when it impacts, it gives off a dust, that is said to be harmful to civilians. Its usage is controversial, but people think it is radioactive waste, but it is not. It is a shame to use this depleted uranium in war, because it could be easily converted to Pu 239, which is a fissile material that can be used in nuclear reactors.