Footnote links corrected 15 Nov 2022. Other old links are unlikely to be valid after 20 years - RW
Sept 2020: I found Johmann has posted his copyright-free book A Soliton and its owned Bions (Awareness and Mind) - These Intelligent Particles are how we Survive Death on solitoncentral.com which claims that Reality is Computed. Johmann has included autobiographical material, including his work with computers.
Kurt Johmann Written: July 2000 By the same author on this site: Ice Age? | Drug War?
Briefly, the idea of the Big Bang has the following history:
Since the beginning of human civilization, people have always questioned the origins of their existence, and the creation of the universe. Where did it all come from? How was it created? These are the questions that plagued ancient societies, and are those that still puzzle scientists today. Cosmology, the study of the large-scale structure and evolution of the universe, is the branch of science that has evolved from these questions.
…
The Big Bang theory of cosmology assumes that the universe began from a singular state of infinite density. As Joseph Silk defines the Big Bang theory, it is a model of the universe in which space-time began with an initial singularity, and subsequently expands. It was first implied in Alexander Friedmann’s complete solution of Albert Einstein’s equations, in 1922 [referring to Einstein’s theory of General Relativity, published around 1915, which claims that space is curved]. In 1927, Georges Lemaitre used equations to devise a cosmological theory that incorporated the concept that the universe has been expanding from an explosive moment of creation.
…
The term ‘Big Bang’ for these theories was coined by the Russian-born U.S. nuclear physicist George Gamow in 1946.
…
According to the Big Bang theory, the universe began with one large explosion, which took place about 15 to 20 billion years ago. We now refer to this explosion that began the universe, as the Big Bang, and it is from this theory that we are able to examine the evolution of the universe, from the milliseconds of creation, to the creation of galaxies, and from the formation of planets, to the presence of life on Earth. Because almost all astronomical phenomena can be explained entirely within the context of the Big Bang, or if not completely, can be explained to a greater degree than any other model, this model of the universe has become the most widely accepted up to this point. [1]
The last sentence in the above quote is interesting, as an example of just how easily one can be deceived into believing the establishment’s mythology. To understand the unstated assumptions in that last sentence, I’ve added a few notes: “Because almost all astronomical phenomena [that we have been told about in the information sources we have] can be explained entirely within the context of the Big Bang [according to those same information sources, because we, like most people, are not in a position to contradict any such claims, other than by citing contrary authorities, if there are any], or if not completely, can be explained to a greater degree than any other model [again, according to those same information sources], this model of the universe has become the most widely accepted up to this point [we assume the Big Bang is true, as we have been taught, so we assume its correctness is the reason for its widespread acceptance].”
Here is the fundamental problem of knowledge that all people face:
you don’t know what you don’t know
The key to misleading people about a given belief, is to control the flow of observational data that is relevant to that belief. To promote a given belief, screen out any observational data that contradicts that belief, and, at the same time, present only observational data that supports that belief (if the belief is false, then fabricate, distort, or misrepresent observational data, as needed). As long as a person is only aware of observational data that supports the given belief, then that person’s mind, by means of its analytic abilities, will find that belief supported and reasonable.
Regarding the Big-Bang belief, is any relevant observational data being withheld from the public living in America, and in America’s imperial provinces around the world? The answer is an emphatic yes. My authority on this subject is Halton Arp (born 1927), who has been a professional astronomer since receiving his PhD in 1953 (he was on staff at Mt. Palomar observatory for 29 years, and, since 1983, on staff at the Max Planck Institute for Physics and Astrophysics, in Germany).
[2]
Halton Arp’s Observations
His cosmos is a steady-state universe, with no Big Bang and no expansion, and with the intermittent creation of new matter. Redshift is not velocity related but an inherent property of matter that decreases with age. The basic cosmological unit is composed of an old parent galaxy of low redshift, accompanied by smaller and younger companions with redshift excesses, and surrounded by newly-created quasars of high redshift. Both companions and quasars have been ejected by the parent galaxy. [3]
Astronomy’s symbol for redshift is the letter z. A concise explanation of redshift is:
‘Redshift’ describes the characteristic lines in the spectrum due to hydrogen, calcium, and other elements which appear at longer (redder) wavelengths than in a terrestrial laboratory. The simple explanation attributes this effect to the recession velocity of the emitting source—like the falling pitch of a receding train whistle, the Doppler effect. [4]
My own awareness of Halton Arp, is due to my browsing of the Internet, which ultimately led to my learning of his book, Seeing Red
[5], which I bought and read. Upon finishing Arp’s book, and realizing that I had been deceived by the American media—which had concealed from me, and from most everyone else who reads the various establishment science books and magazines, all of Arp’s observations—I decided to write this essay. Note that despite my science PhD, and my wide readings in science over many years, I was completely ignorant of Arp’s observations. As I said above: you don’t know what you don’t know.
By Arp’s observations I mean, primarily, Arp’s observation of a recurring pattern in the astronomical data, regarding the objects that are outside our own galaxy. His book, Seeing Red, has many examples of this pattern, shown by pictures and drawings, using existing astronomical data measured by other astronomers and published in the quasar and galaxy catalogues used by the astronomy profession. The used astronomical data includes locations (x-y sky coordinates), magnitudes (apparent brightness), redshifts (z values), and rotation-axis alignments of Seyfert galaxies. The recurring pattern that Arp shows, is:
In 1967 Geoffrey and Margaret Burbidge pointed out the existence of some redshifts in quasars which seemed to be preferred…. In 1971 K.G. Karlsson showed that these, and later observed redshifts, obeyed the mathematical formula [Arp gives the formula]. This gives the observed quasar redshift periodicities of: z = .061, .30, .60, .96, 1.41, 1.96, etc. …
Many investigations confirmed the accuracy of this periodicity. And of course, many claimed it was false. [8]
As Arp comments elsewhere in his book, the observation that quasar redshifts are quantized contradicts the Big-Bang model, therefore establishment astronomers dismiss the observation.
Note that the observed quasar redshifts typically do not match exactly the values given by Karlsson’s formula, because each observed redshift includes the effect of the quasar’s speed, as already discussed above. However, Arp gives many examples in his book of apparent twin quasars (based on their locations relative to the parent), where each twin has a measured redshift that is offset from the nearest Karlsson number by the same absolute difference, but the two differences have opposite sign (as would be expected for twins ejected in opposite directions from the parent, and at an angle to the Earth, with one twin moving toward us—decreasing its observed redshift—and the other twin moving away from us—increasing its observed redshift).
Arp’s observations refute the Big Bang, and give, instead, a universe of unknown size and age, in which new galaxies are birthed from parent galaxies, and then undergo a life-cycle that has a clear evolution from a juvenile stage (a quasar) to an adult stage (a galaxy such as our own Milky Way). At present, the observable universe has many examples of galaxies giving birth, and of juveniles and adults in all stages of development.
Regarding the possibility that the observed redshifts can be explained by tired-light models (the suggestion that light loses energy—progressively shifting to lower frequencies—as light travels across cosmological distances), Arp says: “if we look through extragalactic space, the example of quasars linked to low-redshift galaxies demonstrates that two objects at the same distance with closely the same path length can have vastly different redshifts.” [9]
About cosmic background radiation (this was a frequent and popular topic in the various science magazines that I used to read, especially during the few years following the launch of the Cosmic Background Explorer satellite, aka COBE, in late 1989), Arp says:
Very weak photons, indicative of low temperature, and coming smoothly from all directions around us, were discovered accidentally in 1965. This [cosmic background radiation] was almost immediately hailed as another, especially decisive proof of the Big Bang.
…
It used to be stated that the Big Bang predicted the temperature of the cosmic background [which is 2.73 degrees Kelvin]. But a review of the history shows that George Gamow predicted T = 50K in 1961. … As early as 1926 Arthur Eddington calculated the photon temperature in and around galaxies as about 3K. Many investigators have since pointed out that if one takes the ambient galaxy starlight, and thermalizes it into lower-energy photons (redistributes the energy into an equilibrium state), one gets closely the observed microwave background temperature. [10]
Another long-time favorite cosmology topic that the American media feeds to the public, is the idea of black holes, which are claimed to be real objects, that are so massive that they suck even nearby starlight into themselves, causing them to be completely dark or black. Arp says: “The greatly publicized theory is black holes where everything falls in. But the observations show everything falling out!” [11]
Regarding academia and the larger society, Arp says:
What could be done, and is not done, however, is to use the observations to rule out a 75-year-old model [the Big Bang] which is presently unquestioned dogma. The mission of academia should be to explore—not perpetuate myth and superstition.
Today, any newspaper, science magazine, or discussion of scientific funding, will take for granted that we know all the basic facts: that we live in an expanding universe, all created in an instant out of nothing, in which cosmic bodies started to condense from a hot medium about 15 billion years ago. The observations are not used to test this model, but considerable drama is attempted, by implying that each new observation may force an important (but actually marginal) variation in the assumptions of the Big Bang. It is embarrassing, and by now a little boring, to constantly read announcements about ever-more-distant and luminous high-redshift objects, blacker holes, and higher and higher percentages of undetectable matter…. For those who have examined the evidence on redshifts, and decided that redshifts are not primarily velocity … the important question arises as to how a disproved assumption could have become so dominant. [12]
In trying to understand why the Big-Bang mythology is so firmly in place, Halton Arp, in his book Seeing Red, only blames his own profession, and academia in general. However, for a correct understanding, one must look at who is paying the bills. Specifically, the annual research budget for academic science in America—especially an academic science that has no business value, such as astronomy—is paid for primarily by the federal government (the government core of the American empire).
For roughly the last fifty years, astronomical research that assumes the reality of the Big Bang—and whose aim is to support and confirm the Big Bang—has been funded with many billions of dollars. And today, for any research proposal that even hints at contradicting the Big Bang: nothing, nada, not one cent. The Americans have a saying: you get what you pay for.
Thus, the Big-Bang Universe has been bought-and-paid-for by the American government. And this Big-Bang Universe has been actively promoted for many years in both America’s media, and in the media of America’s imperial provinces around the world. To understand just why this false view of the universe has been put in place, and is so actively promoted, examine the key beliefs of the Big-Bang Universe, and see how these beliefs provide psychological support for the American empire. Consider the following table:
| Big-Bang Universe | Actual Universe | |
|---|---|---|
| Age | Roughly 15 billion years old. | Unknown—and probably unknowable—but the age of the universe is at least the age of our Milky Way galaxy, which is roughly 15 billion years old. |
| Size | Roughly 15 billion light-years across, and constantly expanding (growing ever larger). | Unknown—and probably unknowable—but the size of the universe is at least the size of the observable universe, which is many millions of light-years across. |
| Creation of Matter | New matter was only created one time, and that was in the remote past, roughly 15 billion years ago. There is no ongoing creation of matter. | New matter is created on an ongoing basis: Seyfert galaxies give birth to small children (quasars) that grow into much larger adults (galaxies). |
As I have said elsewhere regarding empires:
It is worth noting that, in general, an empire, being based on the enslavement of other nations, is especially likely to be hostile to anything that can give its slaves any insight into a bigger reality. And just as an empire wants to falsify the history of its enslaved peoples, so that they cannot remember when they were free, so does an empire want to falsify reality, so that its enslaved peoples cannot find their way to freedom. [13]
An effective way to combat a correct view of reality, is to put in place, and actively promote, a false view of reality. The Big-Bang Universe is an important part of the false reality that the American empire wants all of its subjects to believe.
One way to falsify history is to simply claim that there was no history. As a specific example of an empire erasing history, consider the South Africans (Boers and Englishmen) who claimed and taught that there were no black Africans living on the territory of South Africa, before the arrival of the Boers in the mid 1600s. Another example of an empire erasing history, is how the American empire erased much of North America’s history (see my Debunking the Ice Age essay
[14]). One can say that, in general, an empire falsifies recent history, and erases early history. With the Big Bang, America erases the early history of the entire universe.
Empires are, as a rule, always in favor of getting bigger—growing larger by enslaving more peoples. The Big-Bang Universe is constantly expanding, getting ever bigger. The idea of a constantly expanding universe is very appropriate for the world’s largest empire; America’s promotion of an expanding universe is consistent with its promotion of an expanding population and an expanding economy (the endless growth that American economists are always talking about).
Regarding the creation of new matter, in the Big-Bang Universe matter creation is not something happening today, but, instead, happened only once in the remote past. I cannot help noticing the similarity to the teachings of the Christian churches, which claim that there are no miracles happening today, but, instead, the only miracles are those recorded in their Bible (the teachings of the Christian churches, like empires, also like to erase history, as they claim that there was no history prior to what is claimed as history in their Bible).
As to why an empire dislikes the idea of ongoing matter creation, consider that creation implies change, and that empires want to deny the possibility of change. The last thing an empire wants, is for its enslaved peoples to throw off the yoke of servitude, and regain their freedom. Thus, empires want people to believe that the established imperial order is a permanent condition, and cannot be changed. The Big-Bang Universe, with its lack of ongoing creation, implies a lack of change, and a permanence for the established order.
Black Holes as Symbols of Imperial Domination
Although not a direct part of Big-Bang theory, the idea of black holes has received so much support and promotion by the American empire over the years, that a brief analysis is worthwhile. The key qualities of a black hole are:
Given the above-listed qualities of a black hole, one can see why the American empire is so fond of black holes: Like a black hole, the American empire is an all-powerful entity that crushes other peoples (destroying their defenses, and murdering their defenders), and then absorbs those crushed peoples into itself (enslaving the survivors), with the result that the empire is bigger and more powerful than it was.
A black hole, like the American empire, is a violent object. Similarly, the Big Bang, which begins with a great explosion, is violent, and appealing to the American empire. One can see how an imaginary universe—containing destructive black holes, and a great explosion that began everything—provides psychological support for the American empire.
footnotes
[1] At: https://www.bowdoin.edu/dept/physics/astro.1997/astro4/bigbang.html. The authors appear to be three college students. See https://www.bowdoin.edu/dept/physics/astro.1997/astro4. Note that the quoted text has been copy-edited, to improve its readability.
[2] The given biographical information is mostly taken from the following two sources:
https://www.astroleague.org/al/obsclubs/arppec/arphalt.html
https://redshift.home.pipeline.com/arpintro.htm
[3] At: https://redshift.home.pipeline.com/arpintro.htm
[4] At: https://www.heretical.com/science/redshift.html
[5] Arp, Halton. Seeing Red: Redshifts, Cosmology and Academic Science. Apeiron, Montreal, 1998. Note that some of the quoted text from Seeing Red, has been slightly copy-edited, to improve its readability.
[6] Ibid., p. 294.
[7] Ibid., p. 245.
[8] Ibid., p. 203. In the quoted list of Karlsson numbers, I’ve given the correct value of .96, instead of the book’s .91 which is a typo.
[9] Ibid., p. 97.
[10] Ibid., pp. 236–237.
[11] Ibid., p. 228.
[12] Ibid., p. 257.
[13] From my essay Understanding America’s Drug War
[15] At: https://www.johmann.net/book/ciy10-2.html
Sept 2020: I found Johmann has posted his copyright-free book A Soliton and its owned Bions (Awareness and Mind) - These Intelligent Particles are how we Survive Death on solitoncentral.com which claims that Reality is Computed. Johmann has included autobiographical material, including his work with computers.